Changes in perception of harm from e-cigarettes in 27 European Union member states, 2012–2014
| Perceiving e-cigarettes as harmful % | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Country | 2012 % (95% CI) | 2014 % (95% CI) | Change during 2012–2014 aOR (95% CI)* |
| Southern Europe | |||
| Cyprus | 23.6 (19.9 to 27.3) | 62.8 (58.2 to 67.4) | 5.64 (4.20 to 7.56) |
| Greece | 49.0 (45.8 to 52.2) | 53.1 (49.9 to 56.4) | 1.19 (0.98 to 1.42) |
| Italy | 13.9 (11.8 to 16.1) | 41.3 (38.1 to 44.6) | 4.33 (3.47 to 5.42) |
| Malta | 23.8 (19.5 to 28.2) | 63.2 (58.5 to 67.9) | 5.48 (4.00 to 7.51) |
| Portugal | 26.5 (23.8 to 29.3) | 57.1 (53.9 to 60.3) | 4.07 (3.33 to 4.98) |
| Slovenia | 34.3 (31.3 to 37.3) | 59.8 (56.5 to 63.0) | 2.85 (2.36 to 3.45) |
| Spain | 14.7 (12.5 to 17.0) | 55.7 (52.5 to 58.8) | 7.34 (5.90 to 9.14) |
| Western Europe | |||
| Austria | 27.1 (24.3 to 30.0) | 42.3 (38.7 to 45.9) | 2.06 (1.67 to 2.54) |
| Belgium | 35.8 (32.8 to 38.8) | 52.9 (49.5 to 56.2) | 2.02 (1.68 to 2.44) |
| France | 25.8 (23.0 to 28.5) | 59.9 (56.4 to 63.4) | 4.35 (3.54 to 5.35) |
| Germany | 46.2 (43.3 to 49.1) | 51.2 (48.4 to 54.1) | 1.25 (1.06 to 1.47) |
| Luxembourg | 39.1 (34.6 to 43.6) | 66.0 (61.1 to 70.8) | 3.01 (2.25 to 4.03) |
| The Netherlands | 41.6 (38.3 to 44.9) | 78.1 (75.3 to 80.9) | 5.21 (4.19 to 6.49) |
| Northern Europe | |||
| Denmark | 28.2 (25.3 to 31.1) | 69.4 (66.4 to 72.5) | 6.02 (4.90 to 7.40) |
| Estonia | 37.5 (34.4 to 40.7) | 67.1 (63.9 to 70.4) | 3.63 (2.96 to 4.46) |
| Finland | 52.9 (48.9 to 56.9) | 70.4 (67.3 to 73.4) | 2.08 (1.67 to 2.59) |
| Ireland | 12.5 (10.4 to 14.7) | 47.5 (44.3 to 50.7) | 6.56 (5.19 to 8.31) |
| Latvia | 51.6 (48.5 to 54.7) | 63.5 (60.1 to 66.8) | 1.66 (1.36 to 2.01) |
| Lithuania | 29.5 (26.7 to 32.4) | 69.8 (66.8 to 72.9) | 5.55 (4.53 to 6.80) |
| Sweden | 23.1 (20.0 to 26.2) | 67.6 (64.1 to 71.2) | 7.18 (5.65 to 9.13) |
| UK | 15.2 (12.9 to 17.5) | 38.4 (35.1 to 41.6) | 3.49 (2.78 to 4.39) |
| Eastern Europe | |||
| Bulgaria | 20.4 (17.8 to 23.0) | 45.5 (42.3 to 48.6) | 3.28 (2.67 to 4.02) |
| Czech Republic | 30.0 (27.1 to 33.0) | 54.3 (51.1 to 57.5) | 2.79 (2.31 to 3.38) |
| Hungary | 31.1 (28.2 to 34.0) | 32.6 (29.6 to 35.5) | 1.10 (0.91 to 1.33) |
| Poland | 25.7 (22.8 to 28.5) | 52.1 (49.0 to 55.3) | 3.39 (2.78 to 4.14) |
| Romania | 32.6 (29.6 to 35.5) | 54.3 (51.1 to 57.4) | 2.53 (2.10 to 3.05) |
| Slovakia | 27.9 (24.9 to 30.9) | 47.8 (44.6 to 51.1) | 2.38 (1.95 to 2.90) |
| 27 EU states | 27.1 (26.3 to 28.0) | 51.6 (50.6 to 52.5) | 2.99 (2.89 to 3.10) |
*OR of perceiving e-cigarettes as harmful in 2014, compared to 2012, adjusted for age and smoking status.
aOR, adjusted ORs.