Demographic characteristics of exposed (secondhand smoke exposure) and non-exposed participants
| Secondhand smoke exposure | Pre-pregnancy | During pregnancy | Postdelivery | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Chinese | 224 (44.2) | 225 (73.3) | 177 (41.6) | 269 (69.7) | 150 (46.6) | 242 (71.0) |
| Malay | 220 (43.4) | 31 (10.1) | 197 (46.4) | 54 (14.0) | 131 (40.7) | 48 (14.1) |
| Indian | 63 (12.4) | 51 (16.6) | 51 (12.0) | 63 (16.3) | 41 (12.7) | 51 (15.0) |
| Education level | ||||||
| No education/primary | 39 (7.8) | 3 (1.0) | 35 (8.4) | 7 (1.8) | 22 (6.9) | 4 (1.2) |
| Secondary/ITE/NTC | 270 (54.2) | 64 (21.0) | 233 (55.9) | 98 (25.6) | 164 (51.4) | 76 (22.6) |
| GCE ‘A’ levels/polytechnic diploma/university | 189 (38.0) | 238 (78.0) | 149 (35.7) | 278 (72.6) | 133 (41.7) | 257 (76.3) |
| Monthly household income | ||||||
| S$0–S$999 | 20 (4.3) | 2 (0.7) | 17 (4.3) | 5 (1.4) | 13 (4.3) | 1 (0.3) |
| S$1000–S$1999 | 98 (20.9) | 17 (5.9) | 82 (20.9) | 31 (8.6) | 64 (21.2) | 20 (6.3) |
| S$2000–S$3999 | 185 (39.5) | 69 (24.0) | 161 (41.0) | 91 (25.3) | 110 (36.4) | 79 (24.9) |
| S$4000–S$5999 | 108 (23.1) | 73 (25.3) | 89 (22.6) | 93 (25.8) | 75 (24.8) | 81 (25.6) |
| S$≥6000 | 57 (12.2) | 127 (44.1) | 44 (11.2) | 140 (38.9) | 40 (13.2) | 136 (42.9) |