Active smokers | Pre-pregnancy | During pregnancy | Postdelivery | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | |
Ethnicity | ||||||
Chinese | 62 (40.0) | 391 (58.7) | 13 (44.8) | 439 (55.4) | 20 (41.7) | 370 (60.5) |
Malay | 81 (52.3) | 170 (25.5) | 14 (48.3) | 238 (30.1) | 22 (45.8) | 156 (25.5) |
Indian | 12 (7.7) | 105 (15.8) | 2 (6.9) | 115 (14.5) | 6 (12.5) | 86 (14.1) |
Education level | ||||||
No education/primary | 10 (6.6) | 32 (4.9) | 5 (17.9) | 37 (4.7) | 4 (8.5) | 22 (3.6) |
Secondary/ITE/NTC | 111 (73.0) | 223 (33.9) | 19 (67.9) | 316 (40.5) | 30 (63.8) | 209 (34.5) |
GCE ‘A’ levels/polytechnic diploma/university | 31 (20.4) | 402 (61.2) | 4 (14.3) | 428 (54.8) | 13 (27.7) | 375 (61.9) |
Monthly household income | ||||||
S$0–S$999 | 12 (8.1) | 10 (1.6) | 3 (11.1) | 19 (2.6) | 4 (8.9) | 10 (1.8) |
S$1000–S$1999 | 34 (23.0) | 81 (13.2) | 11 (40.7) | 103 (14.0) | 14 (31.1) | 70 (12.3) |
S$2000–S$3999 | 64 (43.2) | 190 (30.9) | 7 (25.9) | 248 (33.7) | 16 (35.6) | 173 (30.3) |
S$4000–S$5999 | 30 (20.3) | 155 (25.2) | 5 (18.5) | 180 (24.5) | 5 (11.1) | 150 (26.3) |
S$≥6000 | 8 (5.4) | 178 (29.0) | 1 (3.7) | 185 (25.2) | 6 (13.3) | 168 (29.4) |
GCE, General Certificate of Education; ITE, Institute of Technical Education; NTC, National Technical Certificate.