Characteristics of observational studies examining association between impact of POS tobacco promotion and smoking susceptibility among children and adolescents
| First author | Year published | Year data collected | Country | Study design | Average age of sample (years) | Sample size | Exposure | Outcome | Adjustments | POS context score | NOQAS score (10 maximum) | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dube31 | 2013 | 2011 | USA | Cross-sectional | 11–18 | 3043 | Self-reported exposure to retail tobacco promotion | Smoking susceptibility among never-smokers | School grade, sex, ethnicity, exposure to peer smoking, exposure to smoking at home | 1 | 4 | 1.35 (0.88 to 2.07) |
| Feighery26 | 2006 | 2003 | USA | Cross-sectional | 11–14 | 1642 | Self-reported store-visiting frequency | Smoking susceptibility among never-smokers | SES; ethnicity; gender; smoking by family; smoking by friends; unsupervised time | 1 | 5 | 1.25 (0.98 to 1.61) |
| Kim22 | 2013 | 2004–2008 | USA | Cross-sectional | 9–17 | 42 138 | Mean number of cigarette adverts per store at county level | Smoking susceptibility among non-smokers | Age; ethnicity; gender; student income; school smoking prevalence; living with smoker; county of residence; year of survey | 1 | 7 | 1.03 (0.89 to 1.20) |
| Mackintosh32 | 2012 | 2008 | UK | Cross-sectional | 11–16 | 905 | Self-reported frequency of noticing retail tobacco promotion | Smoking susceptibility among never-smokers | Age; gender; SES; sibling smoking; close friend smoking; parent smoking; attraction to PoS displays | 0 | 6 | 1.77 (1.15 to 2.73) |
| Paynter19 | 2009 | 2007 | New Zealand | Cross-sectional | 14–15 | 15 071 | Self-reported store-visiting frequency | Smoking susceptibility among never-smokers | Age; gender; ethnicity; peer smoking; parental smoking; smoking in the home; school SES | 0 | 7 | 1.68 (1.37 to 2.06) |
| Spanopoulos29 | 2013 | 2011 | UK | Cross-sectional | 11–15 | 1204 | Self-reported store-visiting frequency | Smoking susceptibility among never-smokers | Gender; ethnicity; school year; academic performance; rebelliousness; parent smoking; sibling smoking; perceived peer smoking prevalence; SES | 0 | 7 | 1.20 (0.91 to 1.58) |
NOQAS, Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale; POS, point-of-sale; SES, socioeconomic status.