Spearman correlation coefficients (rsp) between TCS (and the six policies of TCS) and prevalence of smoking, prevalence of consumption of other tobacco products (among smokers and former cigarette smokers), prevalence of the intent to quit smoking in the past 12 months and prevalence of self-reported to SHS exposure at work
| TCS | Price | Public place bans | Public information campaigns | Advertising bans | Health warnings | Treatment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current cigarette consumption | |||||||
| Smoking cigarettes | −0.41 (−0.67 to −0.07)* | −0.09 (−0.44 to 0.28) | −0.35 (−0.63 to 0.07) | −0.36 (−0.63 to −0.03) | −0.17 (−0.56 to 0.23) | 0.03 (−0.3 to 0.36) | −0.47 (−0.75 to −0.08)* |
| Other tobacco products (smokers) | |||||||
| Boxed cigarettes | −0.30 (−0.64 to 0.11) | −0.19 (−0.55 to 0.25) | −0.26 (−0.60 to 0.14) | −0.54 (−0.76 to −0.22)* | 0.04 (−0.31 to 0.38) | −0.12 (−0.52 to 0.34) | −0.33 (−0.64 to 0.08) |
| Hand-rolled cigarettes | 0.27 (−0.11 to 0.60) | 0.14 (−0.26 to 0.51) | 0.32 (−0.06 to 0.62) | 0.46 (0.12 to 0.72)* | −0.09 (−0.44 to 0.31) | 0.15 (−0.35 to 0.54) | 0.07 (−0.37 to 0.47) |
| Cigars | 0.28 (−0.10 to 0.62) | −0.09 (−0.49 to 0.32) | 0.41 (0.06 to 0.72)* | 0.39 (0.06 to 0.65)* | 0.16 (−0.22 to 0.52) | 0.06 (−0.36 to 0.46) | 0.15 (−0.24 to 0.53) |
| Pipe | 0.49 (0.13 to 0.73)* | 0.12 (−0.25 to 0.44) | 0.52 (0.10 to 0.81)* | 0.41 (0.05 to 0.68) | 0.15 (−0.31 to 0.61) | −0.01 (−0.01 to 0.30) | 0.31 (−0.10 to 0.62) |
| Other tobacco products (former cigarette smokers) | |||||||
| Boxed cigarettes | −0.04 (−0.41 to 0.37) | 0.10 (−0.30 to 0.45) | −0.12 (−0.51 to 0.29) | −0.07 (−0.44 to 0.30) | 0.08 (−0.36 to 0.45) | −0.04 (−0.04 to 0.37) | −0.22 (−0.63 to 0.17) |
| Hand-rolled cigarettes | 0.46 (0.06 to 0.70)* | 0.14 (−0.28 to 0.53) | 0.51 (0.11 to 0.77)* | 0.65 (0.40 to 0.78)** | 0.21 (−0.18 to 0.60) | 0.19 (−0.33 to 0.59) | 0.35 (−0.08 to 0.69) |
| Cigars | 0.41 (0.08 to 0.66)* | 0.0007 (−0.41 to 0.39) | 0.41 (0.05 to 0.68)* | 0.70 (0.47 to 0.81)** | 0.25 (−0.12 to 0.56) | 0.19 (−0.27 to 0.57) | 0.34 (−0.08 to 0.68) |
| Pipe | 0.41 (0.03 to 0.66)* | −0.01 (−0.37 to 0.35) | 0.44 (0.01 to 0.70)* | 0.64 (0.34 to 0.81)** | 0.25 (−0.19 to 0.61) | 0.09 (−0.32 to 0.46) | 0.29 (−0.11 to 0.63) |
| Other ways of smoking (all populations: smokers, former cigarette smokers and non-smokers) | |||||||
| Water pipe | −0.39 (−0.62 to −0.06)* | −0.42 (−0.71 to −0.02)* | −0.23 (−0.61 to 0.20) | −0.1 (−0.46 to 0.25) | −0.03 (−0.44 to 0.36) | −0.18 (−0.54 to 0.26) | −0.16 (−0.54 to 0.25) |
| Oral tobacco | −0.01 (−0.47 to 0.40) | −0.19 (−0.54 to 0.25) | 0.06 (−0.37 to 0.47) | 0.13 (−0.29 to 0.48) | 0.03 (−0.45 to 0.52) | −0.01 (−0.32 to 0.32) | 0.13 (−0.24 to 0.51) |
| E-cigarettes | −0.31 (−0.61 to 0.03) | −0.07 (−0.44 to 0.30) | −0.4 (−0.70 to −0.04)* | −0.14 (−0.54 to 0.29) | −0.04 (−0.44 to 0.35) | 0.04 (−0.38 to 0.41) | −0.05 (−0.47 to 0.41) |
| Smokeless cigarettes | 0.12 (−0.31 to 0.52) | −0.27 (−0.64 to 0.13) | 0.23 (−0.16 to 0.59) | 0.13 (−0.28 to 0.50) | 0.3 (−0.13 to 0.66) | 0.02 (−0.35 to 0.40) | 0.23 (−0.22 to 0.60) |
| Intent to quit smoking | |||||||
| Past 12 months | 0.66 (0.36 to 0.87)** | 0.39 (−0.01 to 0.70)* | 0.52 (0.14 to 0.92)* | 0.59 (0.30 to 0.78)* | 0.40 (−0.04 to 0.73)* | 0.48 (0.17 to 0.72)* | 0.45 (0.08 to 0.74)* |
| Exposure to SHS at work | |||||||
| −0.59 (−0.81 to −0.22)* | −0.19 (−0.59 to 0.23) | −0.67 (−0.85 to 0.35)** | −0.64 (−0.84 to −0.35)* | −0.42 (−0.72 to −0.007)* | −0.15 (−0.54 to 0.30) | −0.37 (−0.70 to 0.03) | |
TCS, Tobacco Control Scale (maximum 100 points) quantifies the full implementation of tobacco control policies at country level and collects information about of the six most cost-effective tobacco control policies. Price: price increases through higher taxes on tobacco products (maximum 30 points); Public place bans: bans/restrictions on smoking in public and work places (maximum 22 points); Public information campaign spending: better consumer information including public information campaigns, media coverage and publicising of research findings (maximum 15 points); Advertising bans: comprehensive bans on the advertising and promotion of all tobacco products, logos and brand names (maximum 13 points); Health warnings: large direct health warning labels on cigarette boxes and other products (maximum 10 points); Treatment: treatment to help dependent smokers to quit, including increased access to medications (maximum 10 points).
*p<0.05; **p<0.001.
SHS, secondhand smoke exposure.