Table 3

Adjusted ORs produced via GEE for the association of article content characteristic with protobacco control slant among news articles, 2007–2014

News article characteristics (n=711)	Adjusted OR	95% CI	Mean estimate	p Value
Frames present
Regulation	0.58	0.42 to 0.80	0.41	0.0009*
Health	2.39	1.80 to 3.19	0.57	<0.0001*
Economic	0.91	0.66 to 1.25	0.43	0.551
Political/rights	0.18	0.11 to 0.30	0.15	<0.0001*
Other frame	2.09	0.81 to 5.42	0.62	0.129
Sources present
Government or law enforcement	0.54	0.40 to 0.72	0.40	<0.0001*
Tobacco retailer or retailer association	0.68	0.46 to 0.99	0.42	0.045*
Public health advocacy group/coalition	1.00	0.72 to 1.40	0.47	0.992
Community member/public citizen	0.56	0.39 to 0.79	0.36	0.001*
Tobacco industry or spokesperson	0.38	0.26 to 0.55	0.29	<0.0001*
Health department official/staff	1.28	0.94 to 1.76	0.52	0.122
Educational/research institution faculty	0.80	0.54 to 1.20	0.42	0.290
Smoker, vaper, tobacco user—individual	0.43	0.25 to 0.73	0.29	0.002*
Hospital/healthcare provider	1.11	0.58 to 2.13	0.49	0.758
Smoker, vaper, tobacco user—org/association	0.48	0.22 to 1.02	0.30	0.058
Greater number of protobacco control sources†	2.58	1.22 to 5.47	0.47	0.013
Greater number of antitobacco control sources‡	0.39	0.18 to 0.82	0.25	0.013
Evidence types present
Data/statistics only, with a source	1.04	0.71 to 1.52	0.49	0.852
Data/statistics only (with/without source)	1.57	1.13 to 2.18	0.50	0.007*
Both data and narrative/story	0.95	0.57 to 1.58	0.44	0.838
Story/narrative/personal anecdotes only	1.20	0.59 to 2.47	0.49	0.617
Any story/narrative (with/without data)	1.01	0.65 to 1.58	0.45	0.966
Degree of localisation present
Localised: both local quote and local angle (vs all other)	1.24	0.90 to 1.72	0.47	0.194
Not localised: no local quote, nor local angle (vs all other)	0.90	0.63 to 1.27	0.43	0.536
Partially localised: local quote (with/or without local angle)	0.84	0.62 to 1.16	0.42	0.290
Partially localised: local angle (with/or without local quote)	0.86	0.61 to 1.20	0.43	0.367

†Protobacco control sources include public health advocacy organisation or coalition, health department official or staff, and hospital or healthcare provider.
‡Antitobacco control sources include tobacco industry or spokesperson, tobacco retailer or retailer association, smoker/vaper/tobacco user—individual, or smoker/vaper/tobacco user—organisation/association.
GEE, generalised estimating equation.
Values in bold typeface are statistically significant.