Linear trends in endorsement of reasons that led smokers to think about quitting, by country
| UK | Canada | USA | Australia | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reasons to think about quitting | AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI |
| Concern/risk reasons | ||||||||
| Concern for personal health | 0.97* | 0.93 to 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.96 to 1.04 | 1.00 | 0.95 to 1.04 | 1.02 | 0.98 to 1.07 |
| Setting example for children | 0.97 | 0.93 to 1.00 | 1.05 | 1.01 to 1.09 | 1.01 | 0.98 to 1.05 | 1.04 | 1.01 to 1.08 |
| Concern for health of others | 0.92* | 0.89 to 0.95 | 1.01 | 0.97 to 1.04 | 0.99 | 0.95 to 1.02 | 1.01 | 0.98 to 1.04 |
| Mean of concern/risk reasons | 0.99* | 0.98 to 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.00 to 1.01 | 1.00 | 0.99 to 1.01 | 1.01 | 1.00 to 1.01 |
| Public/society reasons | ||||||||
| Smoking restrictions in public | 1.05 | 1.02 to 1.09 | 0.97* | 0.94 to 1.00 | 1.04 | 1.00 to 1.07 | 1.04 | 1.01 to 1.08 |
| Smoking restrictions at work | 1.06 | 1.03 to 1.10 | 1.02 | 0.99 to 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.01 to 1.09 | 1.06 | 1.02 to 1.10 |
| Society disapproves | 0.97* | 0.94 to 1.01 | 0.96* | 0.93 to 0.99 | 1.03 | 1.00 to 1.07 | 0.99* | 0.96 to 1.02 |
| Mean of public/society reasons | 1.01* | 1.00 to 1.01 | 1.00* | 0.99 to 1.00 | 1.01 | 1.00 to 1.02 | 1.01* | 1.00 to 1.01 |
| Assistance reasons | ||||||||
| Free/lower cost SSMs | 0.98* | 0.95 to 1.02 | 1.06* | 1.02 to 1.09 | 1.07* | 1.04 to 1.11 | 1.09* | 1.06 to 1.13 |
| Availability of helpline/quitline | 0.96* | 0.92 to 0.99 | 1.03 | 0.99 to 1.06 | 1.14* | 1.09 to 1.18 | 1.09 | 1.05 to 1.13 |
| Health professional advice | 1.03 | 0.99 to 1.06 | 1.03 | 1.00 to 1.06 | 1.05* | 1.02 to 1.09 | 1.10* | 1.07 to 1.14 |
| Mean of assistance reasons | 1.00* | 0.99 to 1.00 | 1.01* | 1.00 to 1.01 | 1.02* | 1.01 to 1.02 | 1.02* | 1.02 to 1.03 |
| Information reasons | ||||||||
| Advertisements about risks | 0.94* | 0.91 to 0.97 | 0.95* | 0.92 to 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.97 to 1.03 | 1.01 | 0.98 to 1.05 |
| Warning labels on cigarette packs | 0.93 | 0.90 to 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.92 to 0.98 | 1.02 | 0.98 to 1.06 | 1.16* | 1.12 to 1.20 |
| Mean of information reasons | 0.99* | 0.98 to 0.99 | 0.99* | 0.98 to 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.00 to 1.01 | 1.02* | 1.01 to 1.03 |
| Price reason | ||||||||
| Price of cigarettes | 0.96 | 0.93 to 1.00 | 0.87* | 0.84 to 0.91 | 1.00 | 0.96 to 1.03 | 0.96 | 0.92 to 0.99 |
| Total number of reasons | ||||||||
| Mean total number of reasons | 0.95* | 0.89 to 1.00 | 0.98 | 0.93 to 1.04 | 1.08* | 1.02 to 1.15 | 1.14 | 1.08 to 1.21 |
GEE modelling used; analyses adjusted for sex, age group, majority/minority group, education, income, CPD, TTFC, time in sample and difference in time between waves.
Sample sizes for ‘concern for personal health’ are UK: N=4717 ind, 11 442 obs; CA: N=4884 ind, 11 966 obs; USA: N=6703 ind, 12 812 obs; AU: 4482 ind, 11 370 obs. Ns vary slightly for other reasons.
*Presence of a non-linear trend, p<0.01.
AOR, adjusted OR; AU, Australia; CA, Canada; CPD, cigarettes smoked per day; GEE, generalised estimating equation; ind, individuals; obs, observations; TTFC, time to first cigarette.