Table 1

Household characteristics of tobacco farmers

Household characteristicsIndependent farmer
N=378
Contract farmer
N=307
Significance level
Gender of farmer
 Male87.6%93%
 Female12.4%7%
Age of household head40410.148
Years of education of household head78.10.000
Household size6.37.20.000
Legal entitlement of land
 Freehold/inherited97%97%
 Leasehold1%2%
 Other2%1%
Land size (acres)6.29.50.000
Cultivated land size (acres)4.76.60.000
Land allocated to tobacco (acres)1.62.80.000
Years of growing tobacco11.912.40.452