All current e-cigarette users* (%, 95% CI) (n=3642) | Infrequent e-cigarette users† (%, 95% CI) (n=1559) | Moderate e-cigarette users‡ (%, 95% CI) (n=1340) | Daily e-cigarette users§ (%, 95% CI) (n=734) | p Value | |
Overall | 42.2 (40.4 to 43.9) | 36.5 (34.7 to 38.3) | 21.3 (19.3 to 23.3) | ||
Sex | 0.4374 | ||||
Male | 53.5 (51.5 to 55.4) | 52.4 (50.1 to 54.8) | 53.5 (50.2 to 56.8) | 55.5 (51.3 to 59.8) | |
Female | 46.5 (44.6 to 48.5) | 47.6 (45.2 to 49.9) | 46.5 (43.2 to 49.8) | 44.5 (40.2 to 48.7) | |
Race/ethnicity | <0.0001 | ||||
White, non-Hispanic | 71.0 (69.3 to 72.7) | 66.7 (64.2 to 69.2) | 71.6 (68.7 to 74.6) | 78.5 (75.1 to 82.0) | |
Black or African-American, non-Hispanic | 9.3 (8.1 to 10.4) | 9.5 (7.8 to 11.3) | 10.1 (8.5 to 11.8) | 7.2 (4.9 to 9.5) | |
Asian, non-Hispanic | 2.7 (1.9 to 3.5) | 3.3 (2.0 to 4.6) | ¶ | 2.4 (1.0 to 3.8) | |
American-Indian/Alaska Native, non-Hispanic | 0.6 (0.3 to 0.9) | ¶ | ¶ | ¶ | |
Other or multirace, non-Hispanic | 3.8 (3.2 to 4.3) | 3.4 (2.7 to 4.2) | 4.3 (3.2 to 5.3) | 3.6 (2.3 to 4.9) | |
Hispanic | 12.7 (11.3 to 14.0) | 16.4 (14.4 to 18.4) | 11.2 (9.2 to 13.3) | 7.8 (5.8 to 9.7) | |
Age group (years) | <0.0001 | ||||
18–24 | 20.9 (19.4 to 22.3) | 24.5 (22.0 to 27.1) | 20.3 (18.1 to 22.5) | 14.6 (12.0 to 17.3) | |
25–34 | 26.4 (24.7 to 28.1) | 25.0 (22.5 to 27.6) | 28.4 (25.8 to 31.0) | 25.6 (21.9 to 29.2) | |
35–44 | 18.8 (17.3 to 20.4) | 19.5 (17.3 to 21.7) | 18.7 (16.3 to 21.0) | 17.8 (14.7 to 21.0) | |
45–54 | 16.6 (15.3 to 17.9) | 17.1 (14.7 to 19.5) | 15.1 (12.8 to 17.3) | 18.1 (15.0 to 21.3) | |
55–64 | 12.4 (11.2 to 13.6) | 10.1 (8.3 to 12.0) | 12.8 (10.9 to 14.7) | 16.0 (12.7 to 19.4) | |
65+ | 4.9 (3.9 to 5.9) | 3.6 (2.4 to 4.9) | 4.7 (3.1 to 6.3) | 7.8 (5.4 to 10.2) | |
Education | 0.2410 | ||||
Less than high-school diploma | 12.3 (11.1 to 13.5) | 14.3 (12.4 to 16.1) | 10.9 (9.1 to 12.7) | 10.7 (8.4 to 13.0) | |
GED | 9.7 (8.7 to 10.8) | 10.1 (8.4 to 11.7) | 9.6 (7.9 to 11.2) | 9.5 (7.2 to 11.8) | |
High-school diploma | 26.0 (24.2 to 27.8) | 25.4 (22.7 to 28.0) | 26.9 (24.1 to 29.7) | 25.7 (21.7 to 29.7) | |
Some college/associate’s degree | 39.2 (37.2 to 41.2) | 37.2 (34.5 to 39.9) | 40.1 (37.0 to 43.2) | 41.6 (37.3 to 46.0) | |
Bachelor’s degree or more | 12.8 (11.5 to 14.0) | 13.1 (11.3 to 14.9) | 12.5 (10.6 to 14.4) | 12.5 (9.5 to 15.4) | |
Income | 0.0055 | ||||
<100% of the FPL for income | 35.5 (33.7 to 37.4) | 38.5 (35.9 to 41.0) | 34.9 (31.6 to 38.1) | 30.8 (27.4 to 34.1) | |
100%–199% of the FPL for income | 25.7 (23.8 to 27.5) | 23.7 (21.3 to 26.0) | 27.5 (24.6 to 30.4) | 26.6 (22.6 to 30.6) | |
≥200% of the FPL for income | 38.8 (36.7 to 40.9) | 37.9 (35.1 to 40.6) | 37.6 (34.4 to 40.9) | 42.6 (38.8 to 46.4) | |
Sexual identity** | 0.7954 | ||||
Straight | 90.4 (89.4 to 91.5) | 90.3 (88.8 to 91.8) | 90.3 (88.5 to 92.1) | 90.9 (88.5 to 93.3) | |
Gay or lesbian | 3.2 (2.6 to 3.9) | 3.5 (2.4 to 4.5) | 3.0 (1.9 to 4.1) | 3.1 (1.8 to 4.5) | |
Bisexual | 4.7 (3.9 to 5.5) | 4.3 (3.3 to 5.4) | 5.3 (4.0 to 6.7) | 4.4 (3.0 to 5.8) | |
Something else | 1.6 (1.2 to 2.0) | 1.9 (1.3 to 2.5) | 1.4 (0.7 to 2.0) | ¶ | |
Current cigarette smoking status | <0.0001 | ||||
Current smoker | 69.7 (68.0 to 71.4) | 76.9 (74.6 to 79.2) | 73.2 (70.5 to 75.9) | 49.6 (45.7 to 53.5) | |
Recent quitter (≤1 year) | 8.6 (7.4 to 9.7) | 2.1 (1.2 to 3.0) | 5.2 (3.9 to 6.4) | 27.2 (23.6 to 30.9) | |
Former smoker (>1 year) | 5.7 (4.8 to 6.7) | 2.7 (1.8 to 3.5) | 4.1 (2.9 to 5.3) | 14.7 (11.5 to 17.9) | |
Never-smoker | 16.0 (14.9 to 17.1) | 18.4 (16.2 to 20.5) | 17.5 (15.3 to 19.7) | 8.5 (6.4 to 10.6) | |
Current use of other combusted tobacco products†† | |||||
Yes | 39.2 (37.1 to 41.3) | 44.8 (41.8 to 47.8) | 40.8 (37.5 to 44.1) | 25.4 (22.1 to 28.6) | <0.0001 |
Current use of non-combusted tobacco products‡‡ | |||||
Yes | 8.9 (7.8 to 9.9) | 8.9 (7.4 to 10.5) | 10.0 (8.3 to 11.7) | 6.8 (4.8 to 8.9) | 0.0662 |
p Values for frequency of use categories from χ2 test. Frequencies reflect unweighted data and percentage-weighted data.
*Respondents who reported currently using an e-cigarette ‘every day’ or ‘some days’.
†Respondents who responded using an e-cigarette some days and reported using an e-cigarette on 0 to 2 of the past 30 days.
‡Respondents who responded using an e-cigarette some days and reported using an e-cigarette on more than two of the past 30 days.
§Respondents who responded currently using e-cigarettes every day.
¶Estimate was suppressed; the relative SE was >30%.
**Respondents who reported their sexual identity as ‘something else’ were asked to provide additional information about this response and could state that it meant identifying with labels such as ‘queer’, being transgender, being in the process of figuring out their sexuality, not thinking of themselves as having a sexuality, not using such labels or something else.
††Other combusted tobacco products are filtered cigars, cigarillos, traditional cigars, hookah and pipes.
‡‡Other non-combusted tobacco products are smokeless tobacco (snus pouches, loose snus, moist snuff, dip, spit or chewing tobacco) and dissolvable tobacco.
FLP, Federal Poverty Level for income; GED, General Education Development certificate; PATH, Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health.