Outcome | Region | N | Summary effect size (random effects) | I2% | τ2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
All cause | SEAR | 12 | 1.25 (1.08, 1.44) | 95 | 0.04 |
AMR | 4 | 1.17 (1.12, 1.22) | 0 | <0.001 | |
EUR* | 2 | 1.23 (0.97, 1.56) | 84 | 0.02 | |
Overall | 18 | 1.22 (1.11, 1.34) | 92 | 0.03 | |
All cancer | SEAR | 8 | 1.46 (1.26, 1.68) | 63 | 0.02 |
AMR | 4 | 1.14 (1.01, 1.29) | 22 | 0.003 | |
EUR* | 2 | 1.04 (0.90, 1.20) | 0 | <0.001 | |
Overall | 14 | 1.31 (1.16, 1.47) | 72 | 0.03 | |
UADT cancer | SEAR | 7 | 2.26 (1.47, 3.47) | 80 | 0.20 |
AMR* | 2 | 1.58 (0.52, 4.81) | 0 | <0.001 | |
Overall | 9 | 2.17 (1.47, 3.22) | 74 | 0.18 | |
Stomach cancer | SEAR | 4 | 1.71 (1.32, 2.20) | 0 | <0.001 |
AMR | 4 | 1.18 (1.01, 1.37) | 0 | <0.001 | |
Overall | 8 | 1.33 (1.12, 1.59) | 24 | 0.01 | |
Cervical cancer | SEAR | 2 | 2.07 (1.64, 2.61) | 0 | <0.001 |
Overall | 2 | 2.07 (1.64, 2.61) | 0 | <0.001 | |
IHD | SEAR | 7 | 1.06 (0.97, 1.16) | 60 | 0.008 |
AMR | 4 | 1.16 (1.00, 1.34) | 47 | 0.009 | |
EUR* | 6 | 1.16 (1.05, 1.28) | 0 | <0.001 | |
Overall | 17 | 1.10 (1.04, 1.17) | 41 | 0.005 | |
Stroke | SEAR | 6 | 1.37 (1.14, 1.64) | 55 | 0.02 |
AMR | 4 | 1.44 (1.30, 1.59) | 0 | <0.001 | |
EUR* | 2 | 1.25 (0.91, 1.70) | 0 | <0.001 | |
Overall | 12 | 1.37 (1.24, 1.51) | 23 | 0.006 |
Figures in parenthesis are 95% confidence limits.
*Indicates estimate based on men only; tests of publication bias (Begg-Mazumdar's test and Egger's test) were non-significant for all outcomes; N is the number of individual estimates.
AMR, American region; EUR, European region; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; SEAR, South-East Asian region; UADT, upper aerodigestive tract.