Measure | Subgroup | Smoking status | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Current smokers (n = 1789) | Susceptible to smoking (n — 1789) | Susceptible among those never smoking a whole cigarette (n = 1309) | ||
Personal influence measures | ||||
Number of perceived benefits to smoking | None | - | - | - |
One | 1.3 (0.5–3.2) | 1.6(1.1–2.4) | 1.6(1.0–2.4) | |
Two or three | 2.6 (1.2–5.5) | 2.0(1.4–3.0) | 2.1 (1.3–3.4) | |
Four or more | 1.8 (0.7–4.4) | 2.0(1.2–3.5) | 2.2(1.1–4.3) | |
Harm of experimentation | Some | - | - | - |
None | 3.7 (2.4–6.0) | 2.6(1.9–3.7) | 2.3(1.7–3.2) | |
School performance | Better than average | - | - | - |
Average or below | 1.9(1.1–3.4) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) | |
Liking for school | A lot | - | - | - |
Some, little, not at all | 1.6 (1.0–2.7) | 1.4(1.1–2.0) | 1.5(1.0–2.0) | |
Depression | Below median | - | - | - |
Above median | 1.9(1.1–3.3) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | |
Rebelliousness | None | - | - | - |
Some | 1.4 (0.5–3.6) | 1.4(1.0–2.0) | 1.5(1.0–2.2) | |
Environmental influence measures | ||||
Exposure to peer smokers | None | - | - | - |
Some | 1.0 (0.5–2.3) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | |
Best friends of one sex | 7.5 (3.4–15.9) | 2.4(1.5–3.8) | 1.9(1.1–3.3) | |
Best friends of both sexes | 21.0 (9.7–45.3) | 4.8 (2.8–8.5) | 2.1 (0.9–4.8) | |
Exposure to familial smokers | None | - | - | - |
Some | 1.3 (0.6–2.6) | 1.3 (1.0–1.8) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | |
Pro-smoking norms among peers and/or family | None | - | - | - |
One | 1.4 (0.7–2.8) | 1.0 (0.8–1.5) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | |
Two or more | 2.5 (1.2–4.9) | 1.9 (1.3–2.8) | 2.3(1.4–3.9) |
Odds ratios are adjusted for age, gender, and race/ethnicity as well as other factors shown in the table. Lower 95% CI for -2 log likelihood is 269.1, 289.6, and 133.8 for analyses of current smokers, susceptible to smoking among those never smoking a whole cigarette, respectively. All analyses are statistically significant, p < 0.0001.