Potential impact of policy interventions on stages and process of change in smoking behaviour. Based on Prochaska JO and DiClemente CC (reference 17).
Stages of change in which particular processes of change are emphasised | ||||
Precontemplation | Preparation | Contemplation | Action | Maintenance / recycling |
Consciousness raising Dramatic relief Environmental re-evaluation Decisional balance = increased “pros” Self efficacy (barriers-related) | Self re-evaluation Decision balance = Decreased “cons” | Self liberation | Reinforcement management Helping relationships Counter conditioning Stimulus control | |
Policy interventions Ad bans/FDA regulations Community coalitions Public education New warning labels EPA ETS classification | Counteradvertising Mandated and reimbursed nicotine addiction treatment | Excise income tax increase Clean indoor air laws Supporter focused campaigns Incentives for worksite health promotion CSAP/MNA/Synar amendment | Blocking tobacco industry countermanoeuvres
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