Control variables | Smoking prevalence | Sensitivity test 1 (excluding Canada and Australia) | Sensitivity test 2 (excluding the UK) | Sensitivity test 3 (excluding Australia, Canada and the UK) |
Panel A: using R score as price measure | ||||
POS display bans | −0.086* (−2.38) [−0.015] {−0.065} | −0.095* (−2.44) [−0.017] {−0.072} | −0.086* (−2.36) [−0.015} {−0.065} | −0.095* (−2.42) [−0.017] {−0.072} |
Panel B: using EIU mean price as price measure | ||||
POS display bans | −0.093* (−2.22) [−0.016] {−0.072} | −0.107** (−2.35) [−0.019] {−0.082} | −0.093* (−2.21) [−0.016] {−0.071} | −0.107* (−2.34) [−0.019] {−0.082} |
EIU mean price | −0.015** (−2.60) [−0.003] {−0.063} | −0.018** (−3.13) [−0.003] {−0.073} | −0.015** (−2.64) [−0.003] {−0.064} | −0.018*** (−3.19) [−0.003] {−0.074} |
Panel C: using MPOWER price for the most popular brand as price measure | ||||
POS display bans | −0.077* (−2.13) [−0.014] {−0.058} | −0.085* (−2.27) [−0.015] {−0.064} | −0.077* (−2.11) [−0.014] {−0.058} | −0.084* (−2.26) [−0.015] {−0.064} |
MPOWER price for the most popular brand | −0.024† (−1.71) [−0.004] {−0.073} | −0.034** (−2.57) [−0.006] {−0.103} | −0.024† (−1.72) [−0.004] {−0.072} | −0.035** (−2.59) [−0.006] {−0.103} |
t-Statistics are in parentheses. SEs were clustered at the country level. Marginal effects are in square brackets. Per cent reduction in smoking prevalence and elasticities are in curly brackets.
*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, †P<0.1.
EIU, Economist Intelligence Unit; POS, point of sale.