Summary statistics (total n=515)
| Mean (SD) or proportion | Never-users (n=465) | Ever-users (n=50) |
| Man | 0.50 | 0.54 |
| Age (years) | 15.54 (1.14) | 15.45 (0.95) |
| Family income | 12.69 (4.11) | 10.42 (4.54) |
| <$40 000 | 0.24 | 0.52 |
| $40 000–$59 999 | 0.16 | 0.11 |
| $60 000–$84 999 | 0.20 | 0.19 |
| $85 000–$1 24 999 | 0.25 | 0.11 |
| $125 000–$174 999 | 0.10 | 0.04 |
| ≥$175 000 | 0.05 | 0.04 |
| Parent’s education | 10.37 (2.08) | 9.60 (2.34) |
| ≤12th grade no diploma | 0.09 | 0.28 |
| High school graduate/diploma | 0.29 | 0.21 |
| Some college/no degree | 0.16 | 0.17 |
| Associate degree | 0.08 | 0.09 |
| Bachelor’s degree | 0.25 | 0.15 |
| Master degree | 0.10 | 0.06 |
| Professional/doctorate degree | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| Household size | 4.47 (1.52) | 4.20 (1.43) |
| Currently smoking | 0.04 | 0.42 |
| White, non-Hispanic | 0.56 | 0.50 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 0.13 | 0.14 |
| Other, non-Hispanic | 0.05 | 0.02 |
| Hispanic | 0.21 | 0.28 |
| 2+ races, non-Hispanic | 0.04 | 0.06 |
Samples were weighted to be representative of a general youth population. Family income was measured using an ordinal variable with 19 levels. Parent’s education (highest degree received) was measured using an ordinal variable with 12 levels.