Participants’ characteristics (1995–2014, Bus Santé study, State of Geneva, Switzerland)
| All participants | Primary | Secondary | Tertiary | P value | |
| Number (N) of participants (%) | 17 544 (100%) | 3419 (19.5) | 7799 (44.5) | 6326 (36.0) | |
| Mean age±SD, years | 51.9±10.8 | 53.5±11.0 | 52.6±10.8 | 50.2±10.6 | <0.001 |
| Swiss nationality, N (%) | 12 322 (70.4%) | 1853 (54.3%) | 6152 (79.1%) | 4317 (68.4%) | <0.001 |
| Gender, N (%) | |||||
| Male | 8398 (47.9%) | 1307 (38.2%) | 3968 (50.9%) | 3123 (49.4%) | |
| Female | 9146 (52.1%) | 2112 (61.8%) | 3831 (49.1%) | 3203 (50.6%) | |
| Smoking status, N (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Never smoker | 8486 (48.6%) | 1685 (49.4%) | 3405 (43.9%) | 3396 (54.0%) | |
| Ex-smoker | 5201 (29.8%) | 929 (27.3%) | 2393 (30.8%) | 1879 (29.9%) | |
| Current smoker | 3775 (21.6%) | 795 (23.3%) | 1961 (25.3%) | 1019 (16.2%) | |
| Quit ratio % | 57.9% | 53.9% | 55.0% | 64.8% | <0.001 |
| Mean pack-year units±SD | |||||
| Current smokers | 26.5±19.5 | 28.6±19.1 | 27.4±20.1 | 23.0±17.9 | <0.001 |
| Ex-smokers | 18.1±17.6 | 20.4±20.0 | 19.0±18.2 | 15.7±15.1 | <0.001 |
| After introduction of smoking ban, N (%) | 4104 (23.4%) | 577 (16.9%) | 1729 (22.2%) | 1798 (28.4%) | <0.001 |
| Year of survey, N (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| 1995–1998 | 4398 (25.1%) | 1057 (30.9%) | 2044 (26.2%) | 1297 (20.5%) | |
| 1999–2002 | 4962 (28.3%) | 1062 (31.1%) | 2261 (29.0%) | 1639 (25.9%) | |
| 2003–2007 | 2810 (16.0%) | 538 (15.7%) | 1192 (15.3%) | 1080 (17.1%) | |
| 2008–2011 | 3192 (18.2%) | 428 (12.5%) | 1446 (18.5%) | 1318 (20.8%) | |
| 2012–2014 | 2182 (12.4%) | 334 (9.8%) | 856 (11.0%) | 992 (15.7%) |