Table 4

Adjusted OR (AOR) for retailer violation rates from the Youth Tobacco Purchase Survey (YTPS), the Young Adult Tobacco Purchase Survey (YATPS) and the Young Adult E-cigarette Purchase Survey (YAEPS)

YTPSYATPS (n=1228)YAEPS (n=842)
Pre-T21 (n=793)Post-T21 (n=751)
AOR† (95% CI)AOR† (95% CI)AOR‡ (95% CI)AOR‡ (95% CI)
Retailer type
 Convenience stores with gasReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
 Convenience stores without gas0.50 (0.21 to 1.21)0.80 (0.29 to 2.18)0.66 (0.32 to 1.35)0.67 (0.25 to 1.81)
 Liquor stores0.46 (0.20 to 1.04)0.33 (0.09 to 1.20)0.75 (0.36 to 1.54)1.47 (0.63 to 3.43)
 Pharmacies<0.01** (<0.01 to <0.01)<0.01** (<0.01 to <0.01)0.20‡ (0.06 to 0.71)0.23 (0.03 to 2.06)
 Small markets0.61 (0.20 to 1.89)1.45 (0.56 to 3.73)0.46‡ (0.25 to 0.84)0.90 (0.19 to 4.30)
 Supermarkets0.65 (0.25 to 1.71)0.27 (0.04 to 2.13)0.27‡ (0.09 to 0.80)0.11 (0.01 to 1.10)
 Tobacco stores§4.17** (1.98 to 8.77)1.89 (0.76 to 4.70)1.33 (0.58 to 3.06)6.13** (2.38 to 15.77)
 Vape shops–§–§–§3.66‡ (1.18 to 11.35)
 Others2.78‡ (1.15 to 6.73)0.45 (0.10 to 2.00)1.00 (0.52 to 1.92)2.02 (0.69 to 5.96)
Geographical regions
 Los Angeles–¶–¶Reference1.58 (0.93 to 2.70)
 San Diego–¶–¶0.83 (0.46 to 1.52)1.34 (0.48 to 3.76)
 Orange–¶–¶0.45** (0.26 to 0.80)2.63 (0.57 to 12.19)
 Santa Clara–¶–¶1.67 (0.67 to 4.20)2.46 (0.77 to 7.86)
 San Bernardino–¶–¶0.43 (0.18 to 1.01)1.01 (0.57 to 1.80)
 Riverside–¶–¶0.83 (0.41 to 1.72)Reference
 Alameda–¶–¶0.21** (0.11 to 0.40)0.73 (0.10 to 5.13)
 San Francisco Peninsula and Northern Bay region–¶–¶0.24** (0.11 to 0.52)0.38 (0.06 to 2.26)
 Central Valley region–¶–¶0.53 (0.17 to 1.66)0.38 (0.09 to 1.54)
 North Coast, Shasta Cascade and Eastern Sierra Nevada region–¶–¶0.50 (0.24 to 1.04)1.30 (0.61 to 2.78)
 Sacramento region–¶–¶0.24** (0.11 to 0.52)1.06 (0.49 to 2.29)
‌ Central Coast region–¶–¶0.57 (0.23 to 1.39)0.89 (0.20 to 3.92)
  • *P<0.05; **P<0.01.

  • †Controlled for retailer type, decoy’s age, decoy’s gender, decoy’s race and clerk’s gender.

  • ‡Controlled for retailer type, geographic region, decoy’s age, decoy’s gender, decoy’s race and clerk’s gender.

  • §Vape shops were not in a separate category in the pre-T21 YTPS and were included with ‘others’ in post-T21 YTPS and YATPS due to small sample size.

  • ¶Regional breakdown not modelled in YTPS due to sampling design.