Product | Quantity consumed | Intensity among users | Participation |
High-income countries | |||
Cigars | −0.9 (–1.7, 0.1), n=7 | – | −0.3 (–0.3, –0.3), n=1 |
Electronic cigarettes | −1.8 (–2.1, –0.8), n=4 | −0.1 (–1.0, 0.7), n=1 | −0.5 (–0.6, –0.4), n=1 |
Kreteks | – | – | −0.4 (–0.4, –0.4), n=1 |
Little cigars | −1.4 (–3.2, –0.9), n=3 | – | – |
Nicotine patches | −2.5 (–3.0, –1.6), n=1 | – | – |
Pipes | −0.6 (–0.6, –0.6), n=1 | – | – |
Roll your owns | −0.6 (–1.7, –0.4), n=5 | – | – |
Smokeless | −0.2 (–0.5, 0.0), n=8 | −0.1 (–0.2, 0.0), n=2 | −0.3 (–0.6, 0.0), n=6 |
Low-income and middle-income countries | |||
Bidis | −0.6 (–0.9, –0.1), n=3 | −0.2 (–0.2, –0.2), n=1 | −0.5 (–2.7, 0.0), n=3 |
Roll your owns | – | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0), n=1 | – |
Smokeless | – | −0.1 (−0.1, –0.1), n=1 | −0.5 (–0.6, –0.1), n=4 |
Waterpipes | −1.5 (–1.5, –1.5), n=1 | – | – |
n, number of studies.