Participant sociodemographics
| 2016 | 2017 | P values* | |||
| Unweighted n | Weighted %/mean (95% CI) | Unweighted n | Weighted %/mean (95% CI) | ||
| Total | 6014 | – | 5992 | – | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 3013 | 48.0 (46.5 to 49.6) | 2987 | 48.1 (46.6 to 49.6) | 0.923 |
| Female | 3001 | 52.0 (50.4 to 53.5) | 3005 | 51.9 (50.4 to 53.4) | |
| Age (years) | |||||
| 18–29 | 981 | 20.8 (19.5 to 22.3) | 1092 | 20.8 (19.5 to 22.1) | 0.992 |
| 30–44 | 1213 | 24.8 (23.5 to 26.2) | 1183 | 24.9 (23.6 to 26.4) | |
| 45+ | 3820 | 54.3 (52.8 to 55.9) | 3717 | 54.3 (52.7 to 55.8) | |
| Education | |||||
| Less than high school | 297 | 10.8 (9.6 to 12.1) | 326 | 10.8 (9.7 to 12.1) | 0.961 |
| High school | 1781 | 29.3 (27.9 to 30.6) | 1345 | 28.9 (27.5 to 30.4) | |
| Some college | 1876 | 28.8 (27.5 to 30.2) | 2014 | 28.6 (27.4 to 29.9) | |
| College graduate or more | 2060 | 31.1 (29.8 to 32.5) | 2307 | 31.6 (30.3 to 33.0) | |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| White, NH | 4434 | 65.1 (63.5 to 66.6) | 4365 | 64.3 (62.8 to 65.9) | 0.919 |
| Black, NH | 547 | 11.8 (10.8 to 12.9) | 600 | 11.8 (10.8 to 12.8) | |
| Hispanic | 672 | 15.3 (14.1 to 16.6) | 639 | 15.8 (14.6 to 17.2) | |
| Other, NH | 361 | 7.8 (6.9 to 8.9) | 388 | 8.0 (7.1 to 9.1) | |
| Income | |||||
| Less than $30 000 | 1486 | 20.7 (19.6 to 22.0) | 1290 | 19.1 (18.0 to 20.3) | 0.067 |
| $30 000–$99 900 | 3144 | 47.4 (45.9 to 49.0) | 2961 | 47.0 (45.6 to 48.5) | |
| $100 000+ | 1384 | 31.8 (30.3 to 33.4) | 1741 | 33.9 (32.4 to 35.3) | |
| Cigarette smoking status | |||||
| Never | 3107 | 59.7 (58.2 to 61.2) | 3061 | 56.4 (54.9 to 57.8) | 0.003 |
| Former | 1619 | 27.1 (25.8 to 28.4) | 1660 | 28.7 (27.3 to 30.0) | |
| Current | 1288 | 13.2 (12.3 to 14.1) | 1271 | 15.0 (14.0 to 16.0) | |
| ENDS use status | |||||
| Never | 4821 | 83.9 (82.7 to 85.0) | 4664 | 79.7 (78.5 to 80.9) | 0.000 |
| Former | 792 | 10.7 (9.8 to 11.7) | 786 | 11.8 (10.8 to 12.8) | |
| Current | 390 | 5.4 (4.8 to 6.1) | 542 | 8.5 (7.7 to 9.4) | |
| Early adopter propensity† | 4832 | 5.11 (5.03 to 5.19) | 5612 | 5.28 (5.22 to 5.35) | 0.001 |
*χ2 test.
†Range from 3 to 12.
ENDS, electronic nicotine delivery systems; NH, non-Hispanic.