Associations between retailer characteristics and selling cigarettes (n=1042)
| Characteristic | Sellers n/N (%) | OR for selling (vs not selling) | |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR* (95% CI) | ||
| All retailers with known sell status | 663/1042 (63.6) | ||
| Retailer type | |||
| Hotel | 283/434 (65.2) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Club | 175/309 (56.6) | 0.70 (0.52 to 0.94) | 0.37 (0.24 to 0.57) |
| Bottle-shop – corporate owned chain† | 86/90 (95.6) | 11.47 (4.13 to 31.89) | 44.52 (14.81 to 133.86) |
| Bottle-shop – independent/franchisee owned‡ | 62/118 (52.5) | 0.59 (0.39 to 0.89) | 2.25 (1.25 to 4.03) |
| Supermarket/general store – corporate owned chain§ | 1/30 (3.3) | 0.02 (0.00 to 0.14) | 0.07 (0.01 to 0.56) |
| Supermarket/general store – independent/franchisee owned¶ | 54/59 (91.5) | 5.76 (2.26 to 14.72) | 21.48 (7.74 to 59.56) |
| Other** | 2/2 (100.0) | n/a†† | n/a†† |
| P value‡‡ | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Extended trading hours | |||
| No | 464/758 (61.2) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 199/284 (70.1) | 1.49 (1.11 to 2.00) | 0.89 (0.60 to 1.32) |
| P value‡‡ | 0.008 | 0.557 | |
| Number of gaming machines | |||
| 0 | 237/411 (57.7) | Ref. | Ref. |
| 1–10 | 98/183 (53.6) | 0.85 (0.60 to 1.21) | 2.92 (1.74 to 4.91) |
| 11–20 | 137/202 (67.8) | 1.56 (1.09 to 2.22) | 6.75 (3.94 to 11.55) |
| 21+ | 191/246 (77.6) | 2.57 (1.80 to 3.68) | 14.23 (8.03 to 25.20) |
| P value‡‡ | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| P trend‡‡ | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Remoteness§§ | |||
| Major cities | 354/544 (65.1) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Inner regional | 182/293 (62.1) | 0.89 (0.66 to 1.19) | 0.94 (0.67 to 1.33) |
| Outer regional, remote and very remote | 127/205 (62.0) | 0.88 (0.63 to 1.23) | 1.26 (0.84 to 1.89) |
| P value‡‡ | 0.625 | 0.360 | |
Note that non-sellers were not asked their staff numbers, distance to the nearest seller or selling method, so those variables could not be included in the selling/not selling model.
*Adjusted for outlet type, extended trading hours, number of gaming machines and remoteness.
†Includes Liquorland (n=36), First Choice Liquor (n=2), BWS (n=42), Vintage Cellars (n=7), Dan Murphy’s (n=1) and Woolworths Liquor (n=2).
‡Cellarbrations (n=3), Porter’s (n=3) and other independently owned bottle-shops (n=112).
§Aldi (n=29) and Supabarn (n=1); other major supermarkets in Australia do sell tobacco but sell alcohol through alcohol-licenced outlets captured elsewhere in the results (as bottle-shops), so their supermarkets were not included in the study.
¶IGA (n=18), Foodworks (n=1), Friendly Grocer (n=1) and other independently owned stores (n=39).
**Includes one self-classified ‘restaurant' and one ‘tobacco retailer’.
††Excluded from regression analyses due to insufficient data.
‡‡Adjusted effect estimates and P values are for models with categorical variables only. ‘P-trend’ shows that a continuous/ordinal relationship has been tested.
§§Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics classifications.33