Parameter | Smoke volume* | Tar* | Carbon monoxide* | Nicotine* |
Population | ||||
All | 54.9 (37.5 to 72.2) | 20.8 (6.5 to 35.2) | 10.3 (3.3 to 17.3) | 2.4 (0.9 to 3.8) |
Single users† | 41.2 (19.9 to 62.4) | 13.5 (1.7 to 25.3) | 6.2 (0.8 to 11.7) | 1.4 (0.3 to 2.6) |
Dual users‡ | 88.1 (79.2 to 97.0) | 60.7 (37.4 to 84.0) | 40.4 (19.3 to 61.5) | 13.5 (4.6 to 22.3) |
Sex | ||||
Female | 53.9 (34.9 to 72.9) | 20.1 (5.1 to 35.1) | 9.9 (2.5 to 17.2) | 2.3 (0.7 to 9.9) |
Male | 54.5 (28.8 to 80.2) | 21.3 (3.8 to 38.8) | 10.5 (1.4 to 19.6) | 2.5 (0.3 to 4.6) |
Race and ethnicity§ | ||||
White, non-Hispanic | 48.2 (30.7 to 65.8) | 16.8 (4.8 to 28.8) | 7.8 (2.2 to 13.4) | 1.8 (0.7 to 3.0) |
Other | 61.6 (33.3 to 89.9) | 26.8 (4.9 to 48.6) | 13.8 (1.6 to 26.0) | 3.4 (0.4 to 6.5) |
Household income | ||||
Under $30 000) | 47.0 (27.7 to 66.3) | 16.1 (3.5 to 28.6) | 7.5 (1.7 to 13.4) | 1.7 (0.5 to 7.5) |
$30 000 and above | 57.6 (37.7 to 77.6) | 23.2 (6.6 to 39.7) | 11.4 (2.9 to 19.9) | 2.7 (0.8 to 4.7) |
WTS bowls | ||||
20% increase | 60.5 (43.6 to 77.4) | 25.1 (9.1 to 41.2) | 12.4 (4.1 to 20.7) | 3.0 (1.2 to 4.8) |
10% increase | 58.8 (41.7 to 75.8) | 23.6 (8.4 to 38.9) | 11.6 (3.8 to 19.4) | 2.8 (1.1 to 4.4) |
10% decrease | 53.8 (36.4 to 71.1) | 20.0 (6.2 to 33.8) | 9.6 (3.2 to 16.0) | 2.3 (0.9 to 3.6) |
20% decrease | 51.1 (34.4 to 67.8) | 18.6 (6.2 to 31.0) | 8.8 (2.8 to 14.8) | 2.0 (0.8 to 3.3) |
*Data represent proportions and 95% CIs based on Monte Carlo analyses with 5000 repetitions.
†Single users are defined as individuals who engaged in either WTS or cigarette smoking in the past 30 days.
‡Dual users are defined as individuals who engaged in both WTS and cigarette smoking in the past 30 days.
§Race and ethnic groups were self-reported; the category ‘Other’ includes black, non-Hispanic, Hispanic and multiracial.