Participant characteristics
| Pseudonym | Sex | Age | Ethnicity | Smoking frequency | Current cigarettes per day | Heaviness of smoking | Cigarettes per evening when socialising | Quit attempt (>24 hours) in past 6 months | Vaping frequency* | Length of time vaping at least weekly | Owns an ENDS device? | Current e-liquid nicotine level |
| Angie | F | 40 | NZ Euro | Daily | 30 | 3 | 35–40 | No | Daily | 3–4 months | Y; vape pen | 0 mg |
| Anthony | M | 21 | NZ Euro | Weekly | 0–2 | 0 | 4 | Yes | Daily | 3 months | Y; vape pen | 3 mg, 6 mg |
| Charlie | M | 19 | NZ Euro | Weekly | 0 | 0 | 2 | No | Daily | 5 months | Y; tank | 12 mg |
| Damian | M | 23 | NZ Euro | Daily | 3 | 3 | 12 | Yes | Daily | 3 months | Y; vape pen | 18 mg |
| Fiona | F | 37 | NZ Euro | Daily | 10–12 | 4 | 20–30 | Yes | Daily | 1 year | Y; vape pen | 18 mg |
| Hannah | F | 48 | NZ Euro | Daily | 25 | 5 | 21–28 | No | Daily | 1 year | Y; vape pen | 18 mg |
| Henry | M | 63 | Māori | Weekly | 0 | 3 | 1–2 | Yes | Daily | 3 months | Y; tank | 12 mg, 18 mg |
| James | M | 43 | NZ Euro | Daily | 5–8 | 3 | 5–6 | No | Daily | 7 months | Y; tank | 6 mg |
| Jamie | M | 20 | Pacific | Daily | 3 | 1 | 20 | Yes | Daily | 1 year | Y; tank | 0 mg, 3 mg |
| Jane | F | 52 | NZ Euro | Daily | 16 | 4 | 20–22 | Yes | Daily | 1 month† | Y; vape pen | 6 mg, 12 mg |
| Jayden | M | 20 | Māori/Pacific | Weekly | 0 | 0 | 1 | Yes | Daily | 1 year | Y; vape pen | 6 mg |
| Kate‡ | F | 56 | NZ Euro | Daily | 24–30 | 5 | 15 | Yes | Weekly | 6 months | Y; vape pen | 12 mg |
| Kelvin‡ | M | 22 | Other | <Weekly | 0–1 | 0 | 4 | Yes | Daily | 3–4 months | Y; vape pen | 6 mg |
| Matt‡ | M | 26 | Other | <Weekly | 0 | 0 | 1 | n/a§ | <Weekly | n/a | N | Unknown¶ |
| Meg | F | 65 | Māori | Daily | 10–14 | 4 | 6–9 | Yes | Daily | 8 months | Y; tank | 21–24 mg |
| Neal‡ | M | 19 | NZ Euro | Daily | 4–5 | 1 | 6–9 | Yes | Weekly | 4 months | N | Unknown¶ |
| Paekia | F | 31 | Māori | Daily | >20 | 4 | 5–8 | Yes | Daily | 1 month | Y; vape pen | 6 mg |
| Patrick | M | 42 | Pacific | Daily | 8 | 1 | 12 | Yes | Daily | 8–9 months | Y; tank | 3 mg |
| Russell | M | 28 | NZ Euro | Daily | 3–4 | 3 | 1 | Yes | Daily | 1 year | Y; tank | 6 mg |
| Toby‡ | M | 20 | NZ Euro | Daily | 10 | 2 | 14 | No | Weekly | 3 months | Y; tank | 12 mg |
*Response options: ‘At least once a day; at least once a week; less often than once a week’.
†Had been using intermittently for 1 year.
‡Participants reported they had not changed the number of cigarettes they smoked since starting to vape; all others reported they smoked fewer cigarettes since vaping.
§Participants responded n/a as they were non-daily smokers.
¶Participants did not know nicotine content as they used others’ ENDS devices.
ENDS, electronic nicotine delivery systems; NZ Euro, New Zealand European.