Table 5

Probit regression results: effects of changes in prices, income levels and addiction levels on probability to up-trade or not

Dependent variable: probability to up-trade
VariablesMarginal effects
Model 1Model 2Model 3Model 4
Δ in actual self-reported price0.012* (0.002)
Δ in actual tax0.017* (0.001)
Δ in village-level mean price0.007* (0.003)
Δ in predicted price0.010* (0.002)
Δ in income0.003 (0.002)0.001 (0.002)0.006* (0.002)0.002 (0.002)
Δ in addiction0.019 (0.018)0.008 (0.017)0.002 (0.019)0.017 (0.019)
  • SEs are given in parentheses.

  • *At the 1% level. 

  • †Indicates at the 10% level.

  • ‡Indicates significance at the 5% level.