The associations between tobacco prices and smoking onset, by urban versus rural division
| Variable | Cigarette smoking onset | Bidi smoking onset | Any smoking onset | |||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
| Residence at the time of survey | Urban (n=81 387) | Rural (n=30 609) | Urban (n=84 576) | Rural (n=28 990) | Urban (n=77 584) | Rural (n=27 818) |
| Cigarette prices (OR, 95% CI) | 0.91** (0.86 to 0.97) | 1.35** (1.19 to 1.53) | – | – | 0.98 (0.92 to 1.03) | 1.34** (1.2 to 1.5) |
| Bidi prices (OR, 95% CI) | – | – | 0.27** (0.22 to 0.34) | 0.64* (0.41 to 1.01) | 0.54** (0.43 to 0.68) | 0.69* (0.46 to 1.02) |
Weighted logistic regressions also controlled for time-varying age, age squared, gender, year fixed effects, and state fixed effects. SEs were clustered to adjust for inter-temporal correlations within the same individual. Elasticity estimate for the significant negative association between cigarette prices and smoking onset is −1.5 (column 1). Elasticity estimates for significant negative associations between bidi prices and smoking onset are −7.3 (column 3), −2.5 (column 4), 3.5 (column 5) and −2.1 (column 6).
*p<0.1, **p<0.01.