Dependent variable—illegal cigarettes 1, legal cigarettes 0 | ||||||
Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||
All | Men | Women | All | Men | Women | |
Tax per pack | ||||||
2008 reference | ||||||
2010 | 2.09* | 2.74* | 1.79* | – | – | – |
2012 | 3.34* | 4.61* | 2.85* | – | – | – |
2014 | 3.28* | 3.90* | 3.10* | – | – | – |
Gender # tax per pack | ||||||
0 # 2008 reference | ||||||
0 # 2010 | – | – | – | 2.07* | 2.16* | – |
0 # 2012 | – | – | – | 2.82* | 3.08* | – |
0 # 2014 | – | – | – | 2.15* | 2.42* | – |
1 # 2008 | – | – | – | 0.63* | – | † |
1 # 2010 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.56* |
1 # 2012 | – | – | – | 1.49* | – | 2.29* |
1 # 2014 | – | – | – | 1.40* | – | 2.10* |
Gender # city | ||||||
0 # Montevideo reference | ||||||
0 # Durazno | – | – | – | 0.75 | 0.82 | – |
0 # Maldonado | – | – | – | 0.64 | 0.83 | – |
0 # Rivera | – | – | – | 14.2* | 14.3* | – |
0 # Salto | – | – | – | 1.86‡ | 1.88‡ | – |
1 # Montevideo | – | – | – | 1.04 | – | † |
1 # Durazno | – | – | – | 0.32§ | – | 0.34§ |
1 # Maldonado | – | – | – | 0.90 | – | 0.89 |
1 # Rivera | – | – | – | 12.9* | – | 10.40* |
1 # Salto | – | – | – | – | – | 0.92 |
City region | 1.49‡ | 1.76* | 1.18* | – | – | – |
Illegal cigarettes offer | 1.07* | 1.08* | 1.08* | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1.00 |
Age | 1.17* | 1.31* | 1.08 | 1.20* | 1.34* | 1.11§ |
Gender | 1.40* | – | – | 2.62* | – | – |
Education | 0.56* | 0.79§ | 0.45* | 0.57* | 0.79§ | 0.46* |
Income | 0.54* | 0.45* | 0.63* | 0.53* | 0.45* | 0.60* |
Consumption intensity | 1.04* | 1.05* | 1.04* | 1.04* | 1.05* | 1.04* |
Margins effects (the Stata option dy/dx(varlist) estimate marginal effect of variables in varlist) | ||||||
Tax per pack | ||||||
2008 reference | – | – | – | – | – | – |
2010 | 0.065* | 0.078* | 0.055* | 0.051* | 0.072* | 0.049* |
2012 | 0.121* | 0.137* | 0.111* | 0.093* | 0.105* | 0.092* |
2014 | 0.118* | 0.117* | 0.123* | 0.074* | 0.083* | 0.082* |
Gender | ||||||
0 reference | – | – | – | – | – | – |
1 | – | – | – | 0.034* | – | – |
City | ||||||
Montevideo reference | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Durazno | – | – | – | −0.059* | −0.019 | −0.118 |
Maldonado | – | – | – | −0.020 | −0.044 | −0.013 |
Salto | – | – | – | 0.024 | 0.059‡ | −0.009 |
Rivera | – | – | – | 0.432* | 0.249* | 0.258* |
City region | 0.044* | 0.055* | 0.019 | – | – | – |
Illegal cigarettes offer | 0.007* | 0.007‡ | 0.008* | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Age | 0.017* | 0.027* | 0.009 | 0.019* | 0.027* | 0.011§ |
Gender | 0.037* | – | – | 0.100* | – | – |
Education | −0.063* | −0.023§ | −0.093* | −0.058* | −0.022§ | −0.085* |
Income | −0.064* | −0.077* | −0.054* | −0.066* | −0.075* | −0.057* |
Consumption intensity | 0.005* | 0.005* | 0.005* | 0.005* | 0.004* | 0.005* |
Observations | 3804 | 1613 | 2191 | 3804 | 1613 | 2191 |
Significant at
*1%.
†In model 2 women, reference is 1#2008 and 1#Montevideo (women=1).
‡5%.
§10%.