Binomial models estimated by generalised estimating equations—ORs
| Dependent variable—illegal cigarettes 1, roll-your-own 0 | ||||||
| Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||
| All | Men | Women | All | Men | Women | |
| Tax per pouch | ||||||
| 2008 reference | ||||||
| 2010 | 1.03 | 1.28* | 0.80† | – | – | – |
| 2012 | 1.40† | 1.82† | 1.01 | – | – | – |
| 2014 | 1.27‡ | 1.49‡ | 1.13 | – | – | – |
| Gender # tax per pouch | ||||||
| 0 # 2008 reference | ||||||
| 0 # 2010 | – | – | – | 1.06 | 1.06 | – |
| 0 # 2012 | – | – | – | 1.30‡ | 1.36‡ | – |
| 0 # 2014 | – | – | – | 1.03 | 1.07 | – |
| 1 # 2008 | – | – | – | 1.19 | – | § |
| 1 # 2010 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.81‡ |
| 1 # 2012 | – | – | – | 1.37† | – | 1.05 |
| 1 # 2014 | – | – | – | 1.41† | – | 1.18 |
| Gender # city | ||||||
| 0 # Montevideo reference | ||||||
| 0 # Durazno | – | – | – | 0.30‡ | 0.35‡ | – |
| 0 # Maldonado | – | – | – | 0.49* | 0.49* | – |
| 0 # Rivera | – | – | – | 8.40† | 8,43† | – |
| 0 # Salto | – | – | – | 0.77 | 0.83 | – |
| 1 # Montevideo | – | – | – | 0.39* | – | § |
| 1 # Durazno | – | – | – | 0.17‡ | – | 0.40 |
| 1 # Maldonado | – | – | – | 0.47 | – | 1.18 |
| 1 # Rivera | – | – | – | 1.44 | – | 2.84† |
| 1 # Salto | – | – | – | – | – | 2.10 |
| City region | 1.87† | 1.20† | 2.83† | – | – | – |
| Illegal cigarettes offer | 1.03† | 1.06† | 0.99 | – | – | – |
| Age | 1.14† | 0.99 | 1.55† | 1.19† | 1.04 | 1.57† |
| Gender | 5.93† | – | – | 11.69† | – | – |
| Education | 1.33† | 1.74† | 0.84 | 1.37† | 1.84† | 0.87 |
| Income | 1.02 | 0.98 | 1.05 | 1.02 | 0.99 | 1.06 |
| Consumption intensity | 1.01† | 1.02† | 0.99 | 1.01‡ | 1.01‡ | 0.99 |
| Margins effects (The Stata option (dy/dx(varlist) estimate marginal effect of variables varlist) | ||||||
| Tax per pack | ||||||
| 2008 reference | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 2010 | 0.007 | 0.048 | −0.041† | −0.010 | 0.0135 | −0.036‡ |
| 2012 | 0.068 | 0.123† | 0.001 | 0.040‡ | 0.058‡ | 0.008 |
| 2014 | 0.048† | 0.079‡ | 0.022 | 0.016 | 0.012 | 0.028 |
| Gender | ||||||
| 0 reference | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1 | – | – | – | 0.366† | – | – |
| City | ||||||
| Montevideo reference | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Durazno | – | – | – | −0.193† | −0.198* | −0.162 |
| Maldonado | – | – | – | −0.057 | −0.134* | 0.029 |
| Salto | – | – | – | 0.041 | 0.036 | 0.130 |
| Rivera | – | – | – | 0.355† | 0.405† | 0.183† |
| City region | 0.127† | 0.037 | 0.187† | – | – | – |
| Illegal cigarettes offer | 0.006† | 0.012† | −0.001 | – | – | – |
| Age | 0.026† | 0.000 | 0.079† | 0.032† | 0.007 | 0.079† |
| Gender | 0.358† | – | – | 0.463† | – | – |
| Education | 0.058† | 0.115† | −0.032 | 0.060† | 0.116† | −0.024 |
| Income | 0.005 | −0.004 | 0.009 | 0.003 | −0.002 | 0.011 |
| Consumption intensity | 0.002† | 0.003† | 0.000 | 0.0015‡ | 0.002‡ | 0.000 |
| Observations | 1289 | 731 | 558 | 1289 | 731 | 558 |
Significant at
*10%.
†1%.
‡5%.
§In model 2 women, reference is 1#2008 and 1#Montevideo (women=1).