The associations between tobacco prices and smoking onset
| Variable | Cigarette smoking onset (n=111 996) | Bidi smoking onset (n=113 566) | Any smoking onset (n=105 402) | |||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
| Cigarette prices (OR, 95% CI) | 0.87** (0.83 to 0.92) | 1.03 (0.98 to 1.08) | – | – | 0.87** (0.83 to 0.9) | 1.08** (1.03 to 1.13) |
| Bidi prices (OR, 95% CI) | – | – | –† | 0.42** (0.35 to 0.51) | 0.84* (0.70 to 1.02) | 0.67** (0.56 to 0.81) |
| Model 1: linear year trend | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| Model 2: year effects | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Weighted logistic regressions also controlled for duration dependency, time-varying age, age squared, gender, a dummy of residing in rural areas at the time of survey and state fixed effects. SEs were clustered to adjust for inter-temporal correlations within the same individual. Elasticity estimates for significant negative associations between cigarette prices and smoking onset are −2.4 (column 1) and −2.5 (column 5). Elasticity estimates for significant associations between bidi prices and smoking onset are −4.8 (column 4), −1.0 (column 5) and −2.2 (column 6).
*p<0.1, **p<0.01.
†The logit regressions with a linear year trend did not converge.