Proposed maximum emission yield performance standard for combustible cigarettes and its relationship to test results published by Philip Morris International (PMI) and British American Tobacco (BAT) for tobacco heated products
| Toxic emission | Unit of measure (applies to all values shown in this table) | Test results Combustible cigarette, mean values | Test results Tobacco-heated stick (THS) | Proposed performance standard | ||||
| (IARC carcinogen classification shown in brackets)* | Per stick | du Maurier KS | Kentucky Reference Cigarette 3R4F | Mean values | Mean values | 2 SD from the highest THS value reported by either PMI or BAT | Proposed maximum mean value† | |
| Imperial Tobacco Canada18 | PMI test14 | BAT test15 | PMI IQOS14 | BAT glo15 | ||||
| Ammonia | µg | 26.5 | 29.3 | 32.5 | 10.5 | 4.01 | 3.26 | 13.76 |
| 1-Aminonaphthalene (3) | ng | 13.5 | 21.6 | 17.6 | 0.0407 | nq | 0.0206 | 0.06 |
| 2-Aminonaphthalene (1) | ng | 9.75 | 16.2 | 13.2 | 0.0277 | nq | 0.01818 | 0.05 |
| 3-Aminobiphenyl | ng | 2.44 | 4.18 | 3.49 | 0.0112 | nq | 0.00062 | 0.02 |
| 4-Aminobiphenyl (1) | ng | 1.65 | 2.83 | 2.29 | 0.00958 | nq | 0.0028 | 0.01 |
| Benzo[a]pyrene (1) | ng | 25.31 | 15 | 12.9 | 0.939 | nq | 0.1592 | 1.10 |
| Formaldehyde (1) | µg | 65.8 | 85.2 | 54.1 | 7.98 | 3.29 | 1.008 | 8.99 |
| Acetaldehyde (2B) | µg | 1103 | 1641 | 2200 | 217 | 111 | 15.7 | 232.70 |
| Acetone | µg | 558 | 690 | 660 | 35.5 | 5.96 | 3.68 | 39.18 |
| Acrolein (3) | µg | 175 | 156 | 157 | 9.63 | 2.22 | 1.406 | 11.04 |
| Propionaldehyde | µg | 102 | 123 | 132 | 13.6 | 5.31 | 1.324 | 14.93 |
| Crotonaldehyde (3) | µg | 44.2 | 50.5 | 42 | <3.29 | 0.567 | ‡ | 6.58 |
| Butyraldehyde | µg | 66.7 | 83.5 | 60.9 | 20.3 | 9.78 | 1.172 | 21.47 |
| Hydrogen cyanide | µg | 296 | 365 | 343 | <4.37 | bdl | ‡ | 8.74 |
| Mercury (3) | ng | 10.96 | 4.77 | 4.26 | 2.04 | 1.28 | 0.208 | 2.25 |
| Lead (2B) | ng | 48.6 | 32.1 | 28.7 | <1.62 | 11.6 | 0.464 | 12.06 |
| Cadmium (1) | ng | 278 | 92.9 | 105 | <0.28 | bdl | ‡ | 0.56 |
| Nitric oxide (NO) | µg | 113 | 504 | 495 | 13.8 | 9.6 | 1.934 | 15.73 |
| Nitrogen oxides (NOx) | µg | 560 | 555 | 14.1 | 12.9 | 1.886 | 15.99 | |
| N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) (1) | ng | 283 | 263 | 10.2 | 24.7 | 5 | 29.7 | |
| 4-(Methyl-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) (1) | ng | 264 | 281 | 6.75 | 24.7 | 5 | 29.7 | |
| N-nitrosoanatabine (NAT) (3) | ng | 270 | 268 | 14 | 37.7 | 6.8 | 44.5 | |
| N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB) (3) | ng | 30.2 | 24.1 | 1.92 | 4.7 | 0.78 | 5.48 | |
| Pyridine (2B) | µg | 39.6 | 29.7 | 28.6 | 6.14 | 2.21 | 0.846 | 6.99 |
| Quinoline | µg | 0.773 | 0.431 | 0.389 | <0.011 | nq | ‡ | 0.022 |
| Styrene (2B) | µg | 26.5 | 15.4 | 16.1 | 1.05 | nq | 0.29 | 1.34 |
| Hydroquinone (3) | µg | 177 | 89.1 | 84.2 | 7.2 | 0.347 | 0.782 | 7.98 |
| Resorcinol (3) | µg | 3.59 | 1.79 | 1.57 | <0.055 | bdl | ‡ | 0.11 |
| Catechol (2B) | µg | 217 | 89.8 | 87.4 | 14.4 | 3.11 | 1.36 | 15.75 |
| Phenol (3) | µg | 52.9 | 14 | 13.5 | 1.12 | 0.174 | 0.1698 | 1.29 |
| m+p-Cresol | µg | 30.9 | 12.1 | 12.2 | <0.0646 | bdl | ‡ | 0.13 |
| o-Cresol | µg | 11.7 | 4.15 | 3.94 | 0.0393 | nq | 0.01298 | 0.05 |
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | mg | 16.7 | 30.2 | 32 | 0.436 | nq | 0.1622 | 0.60 |
| 1,3-Butadiene (1) | µg | 76.3 | 98.5 | 108 | 0.342 | bdl | 0.0624 | 0.41 |
| Isoprene (2B) | µg | 417 | 894 | 887 | 2.15 | nq | 0.404 | 2.55 |
| Acrylonitrile (2B) | µg | 25.5 | 24.5 | 19.5 | 0.158 | bdl | 0.0244 | 0.18 |
| Benzene (1) | µg | 115 | 81.1 | 78.6 | 0.544 | nq | 0.0624 | 0.61 |
| Toluene (3) | µg | 199 | 137 | 131 | 1.82 | nq | 0.326 | 2.15 |
Where no SD reported, to allow for uncertainty, proposed performance standard of the mean +2 SD is estimated at twice the highest mean value for THS reported by either PMI or BAT.
*IARC classification of carcinogens: Group 1, Carcinogenic to humans; Group 2A, Probably carcinogenic to humans; Group 2B, Possibly carcinogenic to humans; Group 3, Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.
†Maximum mean value based on at least three replicates. This maximum value is equal to the mean +2 SD of the highest tobacco heat stick value reported by either PMI or BAT.
‡No SD reported.
bdl, below detectable levels; IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer; nq, not quantifiable.