Ruprecht et al 33 2017 | Mitova et al 34 2016 | Forster et al 36 2018b | |
Affiliation | National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy | PMI | BAT |
HnB | IQOS | IQOS | Glo |
Reference cigarette | Conventional cigarette | Marlboro Gold | Lucky Strike Regular |
Setting | ‘A sitting room’ (ACH=1.5) | ‘Residential’ (ACH=1.2) | ‘Home’ (ACH=1.2) |
Secondhand emissions’ markers | |||
370 nm UV BC (µg/m3) | 0.7%–0.8% | – | – |
PM>0.3 (particles/cm3) | 2.8%–7.3% | – | – |
PMnm (particles/cm3) | 22.0%–24.0% | – | – |
PM 1 (µg/m3) | 0.9%–1.0% | – | HnB < background |
PM 2.5 (µg/m3) | 1.3%–1.5% | Non-detectable | HnB < background |
PM 10 (µg/m3) | 1.5%–1.7% | – | HnB < background |
Ultraviolet particulate matter | – | Non-detectable | – |
Fluorescent particulate matter | – | Non-detectable | – |
Solanesol | – | Non-detectable | – |
3-Ethenylpyridine | – | Non-detectable | Non-detectable |
HPHC | |||
1,3-Butadiene | – | Non-detectable | Non-detectable |
Acetaldehyde (µg/m3) | 5.0%–5.9% | 6.0% | 2.2% |
Acrolein (µg/m3) | 1.8%–2.3% | Non-detectable | Non-detectable |
Acrylonitrile | – | Non-detectable | Non-detectable |
Benzene | – | 1.7% | HnB = background |
Carbon monoxide | – | 3.8% | Non-detectable |
Crotonaldehyde | – | Non-detectable | Non-detectable |
Formaldehyde (µg/m3) | 6.9%–7.1% | 7.6% | 10.2% |
Isoprene | – | HnB < background | HnB < background |
Toluene | – | HnB < background | 3.7% |
Nicotine | – | 6.2% | HnB < background |
Nitrogen oxides | – | HnB < background | HnB < background |
Nitrogen oxide | – | HnB < background | HnB < background |
ACH, air changes per hour (ventilation rate of an indoor space defined as air volume added/removed from the space in 1 hour divided by the space volume); BAT, British American Tobacco; HnB, heat-not-burn tobacco product; HPHC, harmful and potentially harmful compounds; –, not measured; PM > 0.3, particulate matter larger than 0.3 µm; PM nm, particulate matter in size range of 10–1000 nm; PMI, Philip Morris International; UV BC, ultraviolet black carbon.