Toxicant emissions and liquid composition of JUUL and other ECIGs
| Electronic cigarettes | Combustible cigarettes | ||
| JUUL (n=3) | Other products* (range) | Marlboro Red† (n=3) | |
| Electrical characteristics | |||
| Maximum power (W) | 8.1 | 5.06 (0.74) | NA |
| Resistance (Ω) | 1.66 (0.66) | 2.88 (0.29) | NA |
| Liquid composition | |||
| Nicotine concentration (mg/mL) | 68.6 (2.3) | 7–20 | NA |
| Freebase nicotine % | 6.10 (0.11) | 13–95 | NA |
| pH | 5.4 (0.6) | 5.4–9.3 | NA |
| PG/VG (% v/v) | 33/67 | 0/100-80/20 | NA |
| Emissions per 15 puffs or per combustible cigarette | |||
| Total particulate matter (mg) | 38.9 (1.3) | 15–110 | 39.6 (1.23) |
| Nicotine (mg) | 2.07 (0.08) | 0.2–2 | 1.81 (0.11) |
| Freebase nicotine (%) | 5.25 (0.81) | 10–95 | 5.80 (1.7) |
| pH | 6.12 (0.21) | NR | 5.69 (0.06) |
| PG/VG (% v/v) | 31/69 | NR | NR |
| Carbonyl compounds (μg) | |||
| Formaldehyde | 0.56 (0.34) | 1–13 | 3.17 (0.33) |
| Acetaldehyde | 6.05 (0.29) | 0.7–91 | 1059.19 (9.03) |
| Acetone | 24.9 (2.46) | 1–8 | 775.6 (28.42) |
| Acrolein | ND | 0–1.2 | 0 (0) |
| Propionaldehyde | ND | 0–12 | 47.89 (1.04) |
| Crotonaldehyde | 0.85 (0.06) | 0–0.7 | 40.42 (0.69) |
| Methacrolein | 7.08 (0.28) | 0–1.4 | 85.46 (3.85) |
| Butyraldehyde | ND | 0–1.1 | 22.19 (2.91) |
| Valeraldehyde | ND | 0–2.1 | ND |
| Glyoxal | ND | NR | ND |
| Methylglyoxal | 0.95 (0.43) | NR | ND |
| Total | 40.4 (2.03) | NR | 2033.93 (35.72) |
Mean (SD).
*Data for other closed-system ECIG devices (shown for comparison) are derived from El-Hellani et al.11
†Results for Marlboro Red, purchased in Beirut in January 2018, tested using Health Canada Intense smoking regimen.
ECIG, electronic cigarette; NA, not analysed; ND, not detected; NR, not reported; PG, propylene glycol; VG, vegetable glycerin.