Study sample characteristics
| Characteristic | Mean±SD | Range |
| Age (years) | 24.4±5.5 | 20–40 |
| Sex (%) | ||
| Male | 70.6* | |
| Female | 29.4 | |
| Race (%) | ||
| Asian | 8.8 | |
| Black, or African-American | 14.7 | |
| White | 76.5 | |
| Education (years, GED=12 years) | 14.5±1.7 | 12–17 |
| Where were you when you used a waterpipe to smoke tobacco? (%) | First use | Past 30 days |
| In a café or restaurant | 58.8 | 50.0 |
| In my own house | 0 | 25.0 |
| At a friend’s home | 26.5 | 25.0 |
| At a family member’s house | 5.9 | 0 |
| At a fraternity house | 0 | 0 |
| Dorm room | 0 | 0 |
| Other | 8.8 | 0 |
| Age at first waterpipe use (years) | 18.6±4.1 | 15–34 |
| Which of the following choices best describes how often you smoke tobacco using a waterpipe? (%) | ||
| At least once a year, but not monthly | 5.9 | |
| At least once a month, but not weekly | 58.8 | |
| At least once a week, but not daily | 35.3 | |
| At least once a day, or most days each month | 0 | |
| Do you own your own waterpipe? (%) | ||
| Yes | 50.0 | |
| Approximately how many times did you use a waterpipe to smoke tobacco in the past 30 days? (times) | 3.1±3.0 | 1–17.5 |
| Approximately how many bowls (or heads) of tobacco did you smoke using a waterpipe in the past 30 days? (heads) | 4.3±4.0 | 1–20 |
| When you used a waterpipe to smoke tobacco in the past 30 days, how long did a typical ‘waterpipe session’ last? (min) | 71.5±44.4 | 12.5–180 |
| Lebanon Waterpipe Independence Scale (LWDS-11) | 8.5±3.2 | 3–17 |
| Do you consider yourself ‘hooked’ on a waterpipe? (%) | 3 | |
| Do you now smoke cigarettes every day some days, or not at all? (%) | ||
| Every day | 32.4 | |
| Some days | 23.5 | |
| Not at all | 44.1 | |
| How many cigarettes do you smoke in a normal day? (cigarettes) | 7.5±7.1 | 0–20 |
*All percent values are expressed as a fraction of the total participants (n=34).