Association between tax increase and change in adjusted median net revenue (€) estimated using linear fixed-effects panel regression models
| Price segment | Tax increase | β | P value | 95 % CI |
| Cheap | Within year | −0.09 | 0.003 | −0.16 to −0.03 |
| 1-year lag | −0.05 | 0.106 | −0.11 to 0.01 | |
| Expensive | Within year | −0.05 | 0.106 | −0.11 to 0.01 |
| 1-year lag | −0.01 | 0.823 | −0.09 to 0.07 |
Regression analyses were performed separately for each cigarette price segment. Pricing data were not available for every year in all countries (see the Methods section for details).