Unadjusted and adjusted ORs of wheezing and related respiratory symptoms associated with vaping and smoking
| Wheezing and other related respiratory symptoms | Risk compared with non-users | Risk compared with smokers | ||||||||
| Current vapers vs non-users | Current smokers vs non-users | Dual users vs non-users | Current vapers vs current smokers | Dual users vs current smokers | ||||||
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Ever had wheezing or whistling in chest at any time in past | 2.05 (1.69 to 2.49) | 1.67 (1.23 to 2.15) | 2.98 (2.78 to 3.19) | 2.46 (2.21 to 2.73) | 3.44 (3.01 to 3.94) | 2.60 (2.18 to 3.11) | 0.69 (0.56 to 0.84) | 0.68 (0.53 to 0.87) | 1.16 (1.01 to 1.32) | 1.06 (0.91 to 1.24) |
| Wheezing or whistling in chest in past 12 months | 2.00 (1.67 to 2.39) | 1.68 (1.32 to 2.14) | 3.22 (3.00 to 3.46) | 2.75 (2.47 to 3.06) | 3.69 (3.22 to 4.23) | 2.83 (2.37 to 3.38) | 0.62 (0.51 to 0.75) | 0.61 (0.48 to 0.77) | 1.14 (1.01 to 1.31) | 1.03 (0.88 to 1.20) |
| Number of wheezing attacks more than 12 in past 12 months | 1.88 (1.52 to 2.33) | 1.67 (1.28 to 2.19) | 3.74 (3.40 to 4.11) | 3.28 (2.89 to 3.72) | 4.13 (3.60 to 4.73) | 3.35 (2.81 to 3.98) | 0.50 (0.40 to 0.63) | 0.51 (0.39 to 0.66) | 1.10 (0.98 to 1.24) | 1.02 (0.88 to 1.18) |
| One or more nights per week had sleep disturbed due to wheezing | 1.88 (1.51 to 2.33) | 1.70 (1.29 to 2.23) | 3.71 (3.38 to 4.07) | 3.23 (2.84 to 3.67) | 4.01 (3.49 to 4.61) | 3.42 (2.86 to 4.09) | 0.51 (0.40 to 0.63) | 0.52 (0.41 to 0.68) | 1.08 (0.96 to 1.22) | 1.06 (0.90 to 1.24) |
| Speech limited to only one or two words between breaths due to wheezing in past 12 months | 1.92 (1.54 to 2.38) | 1.78 (1.36 to 2.32) | 3.76 (3.42 to 4.13) | 3.30 (2.89 to 3.77) | 4.24 (3.64 to 4.93) | 3.58 (2.91 to 4.41) | 0.51 (0.41 to 0.64) | 0.54 (0.42 to 0.70) | 1.13 (0.99 to 1.28) | 1.08 (0.91 to 1.29) |
| Chest has sounded wheezy during or after exercise | 1.81 (1.41 to 2.31) | 1.20 (0.90 to 1.60) | 2.95 (2.70 to 3.21) | 2.09 (1.87 to 2.33) | 3.71 (3.18 to 4.33) | 2.32 (1.87 to 2.89) | 0.61 (0.48 to 0.78) | 0.58 (0.43 to 0.76) | 1.26 (1.09 to 1.46) | 1.11 (0.91 to 1.36) |
| Dry cough at night not associated with a cold or chest infection | 1.60 (1.28 to 2.02) | 1.37 (1.04 to 1.81) | 3.22 (2.98 to 3.48) | 2.31 (2.10 to 2.54) | 3.51 (3.02 to 4.08) | 2.63 (2.20 to 3.14) | 0.50 (0.40 to 0.62) | 0.59 (0.45 to 0.77) | 1.09 (0.94 to 1.27) | 1.14 (0.95 to 1.36) |
The adjusted ORs controlled the effect of age categories, sex, race/ethnicity, income level, body mass index categories, duration of electronic-cigarette use, self-reported asthma, self-perception of physical health, self-perception of mental health and secondhand smoke exposure.