Characteristics of PATH wave 2 adult participants across current vaping and smoking status
| Variables | Current vaping and smoking status (% with 95% CI) | ||||
| Current vapers | Current smokers | Dual users | Non-users | P value | |
| (n=641) | (n=8525) | (n=1106) | (n=17 899) | ||
| Age (years) | |||||
| 18–34 | 52.06 (50.18 to 54.01) | 34.88 (34.26 to 35.50) | 47.91 (46.33 to 49.56) | 28.47 (27.95 to 28.99) | <0.0001 |
| 35–64 | 41.78 (39.60 to 44.08) | 56.63 (56.13 to 57.13) | 47.35 (45.75 to 49.01) | 49.69 (49.27 to 50.12) | |
| 65+ | 6.16 (3.93 to 9.64) | 8.49 (7.90 to 9.14) | 4.73 (3.54 to 6.34) | 21.84 (21.45 to 22.24) | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 58.52 (56.87 to 60.21) | 54.81 (54.40 to 55.22) | 54.00 (52.58 to 55.46) | 46.18 (45.81 to 46.56) | <0.0001 |
| Female | 41.48 (39.25 to 43.84) | 45.19 (44.68 to 45.72) | 46.00 (44.24 to 47.83) | 53.82 (53.48 to 54.16) | |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic | 13.53 (11.34 to 16.14) | 12.53 (11.90 to 13.18) | 6.85 (5.44 to 8.63) | 16.04 (15.67 to 16.43) | <0.0001 |
| Non-Hispanic | 86.47 (85.67 to 87.28) | 87.47 (87.23 to 87.72) | 93.15 (93.07 to 93.22) | 83.96 (83.85 to 84.07) | |
| Race | |||||
| White alone | 82.56 (81.00 to 84.14) | 76.37 (75.82 to 76.93) | 84.72 (84.39 to 85.05) | 77.77 (77.50 to 78.05) | <0.0001 |
| Black alone | 7.71 (5.89 to 10.10) | 15.97 (15.31 to 16.66) | 5.69 (4.39 to 7.39) | 11.87 (11.52 to 12.22) | |
| Others | 9.73 (7.75 to 12.23) | 7.65 (7.10 to 8.25) | 9.59 (7.99 to 11.50) | 10.36 (10.03 to 10.70) | |
| Education | |||||
| Less than high school | 8.53 (6.64 to 10.95) | 16.83 (16.19 to 17.51) | 12.84 (11.10 to 14.86) | 10.05 (9.61 to 10.51) | <0.0001 |
| GED | 6.98 (5.23 to 9.30) | 11.34 (10.73 to 11.98) | 11.34 (9.66 to 13.31) | 3.73 (3.34 to 4.16) | |
| High school graduate | 27.24 (24.42 to 30.38) | 28.16 (27.52 to 28.82) | 21.53 (19.27 to 24.06) | 21.80 (21.26 to 22.36) | |
| Some college (no degree) or associates degree | 45.66 (43.59 to 47.83) | 32.19 (31.42 to 32.98) | 41.53 (39.77 to 43.37) | 31.63 (31.15 to 32.12) | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 8.31 (6.44 to 10.72) | 8.76 (8.20 to 9.37) | 9.25 (7.67 to 11.15) | 20.44 (20.05 to 20.84) | |
| Advanced degree | 3.28 (2.06 to 5.21) | 2.71 (2.35 to 3.13) | 3.50 (2.46 to 4.99) | 12.35 (12.01 to 12.71) | |
| Income | |||||
| Less than $10 000 | 14.74 (12.46 to 17.43) | 21.58 (20.90 to 22.29) | 20.03 (18.03 to 22.25) | 10.35 (9.75 to 10.98) | <0.0001 |
| $10 000 to $24 999 | 19.85 (17.44 to 22.60) | 27.71 (26.89 to 28.55) | 25.27 (23.22 to 27.49) | 17.97 (17.30 to 18.67) | |
| $25 000 to $49 999 | 25.95 (23.49 to 28.67) | 24.35 (23.67 to 25.05) | 22.95 (20.91 to 25.17) | 22.42 (21.64 to 23.23) | |
| $50 000 to $99 999 | 25.31 (22.14 to 28.94) | 19.14 (18.46 to 19.84) | 22.15 (20.12 to 24.38) | 27.76 (27.01 to 28.52) | |
| $100 000 or more | 14.15 (11.44 to 17.48) | 7.23 (6.68 to 7.82) | 9.61 (7.95 to 11.61) | 21.50 (20.62 to 22.42) | |
| BMI | |||||
| Underweight | 2.42 (1.38 to 4.24) | 2.95 (2.57 to 3.39) | 2.17 (1.35 to 3.48) | 1.94 (1.71 to 2.20) | <0.0001 |
| Normal | 32.36 (30.02 to 34.89) | 34.60 (33.97 to 35.25) | 34.70 (32.78 to 36.74) | 31.73 (30.81 to 32.67) | |
| Overweight | 29.68 (27.31 to 32.26) | 32.63 (31.99 to 33.28) | 30.80 (28.84 to 32.89) | 34.12 (33.24 to 35.01) | |
| Obese | 35.54 (33.23 to 37.98) | 29.82 (29.17 to 30.49) | 32.33 (30.39 to 34.40) | 32.22 (31.36 to 33.09) | |
| Age when first used e-cigarette regularly | |||||
| <18 | 2.64 (1.56 to 4.47) | 0.07 (0.03 to 0.20) | 1.12 (0.57 to 2.20) | 0.02 (0.01 to 0.05) | 0.0007 |
| 18–24 | 1.19 (0.53 to 2.70) | 0.03 (0.01 to 0.13) | 0.52 (0.19 to 1.42) | 0.01 (0.00 to 0.04) | |
| Lived with a regular smoker during childhood | |||||
| Yes | 60.48 (58.77 to 62.24) | 68.18 (67.47 to 68.90) | 68.10 (66.77 to 69.46) | 52.47 (51.69 to 53.25) | <0.0001 |
| No | 39.52 (37.29 to 41.88) | 31.82 (31.18 to 32.47) | 31.90 (30.02 to 33.90) | 47.53 (46.52 to 48.55) | |
| Currently lived with anyone who smoke cigarette | |||||
| Yes | 21.02 (18.66 to 23.69) | 45.51 (44.74 to 46.28) | 48.95 (47.33 to 50.61) | 12.57 (12.03 to 13.14) | <0.0001 |
| No | 78.98 (78.09 to 79.87) | 54.49 (54.07 to 54.91) | 51.06 (49.50 to 52.67) | 87.43 (86.91 to 87.94) | |
| Home rule on non-combustible tobacco product use | |||||
| It is not allowed anywhere or at any time inside my home | 29.92 (27.54 to 32.52) | 48.97 (48.38 to 49.56) | 28.54 (26.61 to 30.61) | 81.31 (80.80 to 81.81) | <0.0001 |
| It is allowed in some places or at sometimes inside my home | 22.08 (19.69 to 24.77) | 20.29 (19.61 to 21.00) | 20.85 (18.94 to 22.96) | 10.71 (10.17 to 11.28) | |
| It is allowed anywhere and at any time inside my home | 48.00 (45.73 to 50.36) | 30.74 (29.85 to 31.66) | 50.61 (49.05 to 52.21) | 7.98 (7.53 to 8.45) | |
| Doctor, nurse or other health professional said you had asthma | |||||
| Yes | 7.86 (6.04 to 10.23) | 7.36 (6.82 to 7.94) | 7.52 (6.05 to 9.33) | 7.03 (6.53 to 7.56) | 0.7899 |
| No | 92.14 (91.48 to 92.81) | 92.64 (92.53 to 92.75) | 92.48 (92.25 to 92.71) | 92.97 (92.77 to 93.18) | |
| Self-perception of physical health | |||||
| Excellent | 11.54 (9.46 to 14.09) | 6.76 (6.24 to 7.33) | 8.15 (6.65 to 9.97) | 17.46 (16.69 to 18.27) | <0.0001 |
| Very good | 30.85 (28.31 to 33.62) | 25.43 (24.77 to 26.11) | 24.99 (23.08 to 27.05) | 38.61 (37.84 to 39.40) | |
| Good | 40.14 (37.59 to 42.87) | 42.00 (41.37 to 42.65) | 42.07 (40.36 to 43.86) | 31.56 (30.88 to 32.26) | |
| Fair | 14.16 (11.96,16.78) | 20.49 (19.82 to 21.18) | 19.12 (17.25 to 21.19) | 10.44 (9.79 to 11.14) | |
| Poor | 3.30 (2.08 to 5.24) | 5.31 (4.83 to 5.84) | 5.68 (4.38 to 7.35) | 1.92 (1.65 to 2.22) | |
| Self-perception of mental health | |||||
| Excellent | 17.97 (15.66 to 20.64) | 15.27 (14.63 to 15.95) | 15.46 (13.65 to 17.50) | 25.17 (24.16 to 26.21) | <0.0001 |
| Very good | 28.73 (26.13 to 31.58) | 27.99 (27.32 to 28.67) | 25.15 (23.24 to 27.22) | 38.46 (37.81 to 39.11) | |
| Good | 32.09 (29.73 to 34.63) | 32.80 (32.15 to 33.46) | 32.09 (30.22 to 34.08) | 25.57 (24.76 to 26.40) | |
| Fair | 15.30 (13.06 to 17.93) | 18.93 (18.26 to 19.61) | 19.84 (17.96 to 21.92) | 9.34 (8.74 to 9.98) | |
| Poor | 5.91 (4.29 to 8.14) | 5.01 (4.54 to 5.53) | 7.46 (6.01 to 9.26) | 1.46 (1.28 to 1.66) | |
| In past 7 days, number of hours in close contact with smokers | |||||
| Mean (95% CI) | 6.83 (4.98 to 8.69) | 16.33 (15.47 to 17.19) | 20.43 (18.06 to 22.80) | 2.28 (2.07 to 2.48) | <0.0001 |
BMI, body mass index; PATH, Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study.