W1 (2013/14) | W2 (2014/15) or W3 (2015/16) | |||||
P12M Initiation | P30D Initiation | Frequent P30D Initiation | ||||
Youth | Weighted % | 95%CI | Weighted % | 95%CI | Weighted % | 95%CI |
Never tobacco use | 24.4 | (23.4-25.4) | 9.5 | (8.8-10.2) | 1.3 | (1.1-1.6) |
Never cigarette use | 9.9a,d | (9.3-10.6) | 4.7a,b,d | (4.2-5.3) | 0.6b,c | (0.5-0.8) |
Never ENDS* use | 22.7a,e,f,g | (21.6-23.7) | 6.4a,e,f,g | (5.8-7.1) | 0.9e,f,g | (0.7-1.2) |
Never hookah use | 8.9e,i | (8.3-9.7) | 3.4b,e,i | (3.0-3.8) | 0.2b,e,i | (0.1-0.4) |
Never cigar use | 9.0f,j | (8.3-9.7) | 4.0f,j | (3.7-4.4) | 0.1c,f,j | (0.1-0.2) |
Never smokeless use | 4.2d,g,i,j | (3.7-4.7) | 1.8d,g,i,j | (1.6-2.1) | 0.5g,i,j | (0.4-0.7) |
Young adults | Weighted % | 95%CI | Weighted % | 95%CI | Weighted % | 95%CI |
Never tobacco use | 22.8 | (20.0-26.0) | 12.2 | (10.1-14.6) | 1.7 | (1.1-2.7) |
Never cigarette use | 10.3a,b,d | (8.8-12.0) | 6.1d | (5.1-7.4) | 1.1b,c | (0.7-1.6) |
Never ENDS use | 28.4a,e,f,g | (26.5-30.4) | 7.4g | (6.4-8.4) | 1.0e,f,g | (0.7-1.5) |
Never hookah use | 14.1b,e,i | (12.5-15.8) | 6.4i | (5.3-7.7) | 0.2†b,e | (0.1-0.4) |
Never cigar use | 12.0f,j | (10.8-13.4) | 7.2j | (6.2-8.4) | 0.3†c,f | (0.2-0.6) |
Never smokeless use | 2.5d,g,i,j | (2.1-2.9) | 1.4d,g,i,j | (1.1-1.7) | 0.4g | (0.2-0.6) |
Adults 25+ | Weighted % | 95%CI | Weighted % | 95%CI | Weighted % | 95%CI |
Never tobacco use | 4.0 | (3.1-5.0) | 2.7 | (2.0-3.6) | 0.4† | (0.2-0.9) |
Never cigarette use | 2.4a,d | (1.8-3.2) | 1.8b,d | (1.3-2.6) | 0.4† | (0.2-0.7) |
Never ENDS use | 6.7a,e,f,g | (6.3-7.2) | 2.3e,g | (2.0-2.5) | 0.5e,g | (0.4-0.6) |
Never hookah use | 1.4e,h,i | (1.2-1.7) | 0.7b,e,h | (0.6-0.9) | 0.0e,h | (0.0-0.1) |
Never cigar use | 3.3f,h,j | (2.8-3.9) | 2.1h,j | (1.8-2.6) | 0.3h,j | (0.2-0.5) |
Never smokeless use | 0.7d,g,i,j | (0.5-0.8) | 0.5d,g,j | (0.4-0.7) | 0.1†g,j | (0.0-0.1) |
W1 total group unweighted denominators (P12M initiation/P30D initiation/Frequent P30D initiation):
Never tobacco use - youth (ages 12-17): 8,245/8,143/8,078; young adults (ages 18-24): 1,312/1,308/1,295; adults 25+ (ages 25 and older): 2,043/2,046/2,039
Never cigarette use - youth: 9,596/9,590/9,576; young adults: 2,310/2,310/2,294; adults 25+: 2,903/2,906/2,894
Never ENDS use - youth: 9,849/9,793/9,764; young adults: 3,697/3,651/3,639; adults 25+: 11,532/11,403/11,431
Never hookah use - youth: 10,239/10,231/10,199; young adults: 2,921/2,924/2,920; adults 25+: 13,071/13,083/13,065
Never cigar use - youth: 9,916/9,876/9,849; young adults: 2,817/2,818/2,770; adults 25+: 7,494/7,510/7,444
Never smokeless use - youth: 10,252/10,248/10,236; young adults: 5,145/5,152/5,135; adults 25+: 13,116/13,155/13,094
Analysis included youth, young adult, and adult 25+ W1 never tobacco or tobacco product users with data at W1, W2, and W3. Respondent age was calculated based on age at W1. W3 longitudinal (all-waves) weights were used to calculate estimates.
Never tobacco/product initiation is defined as not having used any tobacco or the specific product, even once or twice in lifetime.
1) P12M initiation: Defined as a never user at W1 who used any tobacco or the specific product within the past 12 months at W2 or W3.
2) P30D initiation (a subset of P12M initiation): Defined as a never user at W1 who used any tobacco or the specific product within the past 30 days at W2 or W3.
3) Frequent P30D initiation (a subset of P30D initiation): Defined as a never user at W1 who used any tobacco or the specific product within the past 30 days on at least 20 or more days at W2 or W3.
All significance tests were done between product initiations only (not any tobacco initation).
adenotes significant difference at p<0.005 (Bonferroni corrected for ten comparisons) between cigarette and ENDS
bdenotes significant difference at p<0.005 (Bonferroni corrected for ten comparisons) between cigarette and hookah
cdenotes significant difference at p<0.005 (Bonferroni corrected for ten comparisons) between cigarette and cigar
ddenotes significant difference at p<0.005 (Bonferroni corrected for ten comparisons) between cigarette and smokeless
edenotes significant difference at p<0.005 (Bonferroni corrected for ten comparisons) between ENDS and hookah
fdenotes significant difference at p<0.005 (Bonferroni corrected for ten comparisons) between ENDS and cigar
gdenotes significant difference at p<0.005 (Bonferroni corrected for ten comparisons) between ENDS and smokeless
hdenotes significant difference at p<0.005 (Bonferroni corrected for ten comparisons) between hookah and cigar
idenotes significant difference at p<0.005 (Bonferroni corrected for ten comparisons) between hookah and smokeless
jdenotes significant difference at p<0.005 (Bonferroni corrected for ten comparisons) between cigar and smokeless
*Respondents were asked about “e-cigarettes” at W1 and “e-products” (i.e., e-cigarettes, e-cigars, e-pipes, and e-hookah) at W2 and W3
The logit-transformation method was used to calculate the 95% CIs.
†Estimate should be interpreted with caution because it has low statistical precision. It is based on a denominator sample size of less than 50, or the coefficient of variation of the estimate or its complement is larger than 30%.
Analyses were run on the W1, W2, and W3 Public Use Files (https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR36498.v8).
CI, confidence interval; ENDS, electronic nicotine delivery system; P30D, past 30-day; P12M, past 12-month; W1, Wave 1; W2, Wave 2; W3, Wave 3.