Table 2

Correlates of discontinuing P30D use among P30D users (adults 18+) at baseline

Correlates at baselineNo P30D use at follow-up
CigarettesENDSCigarsHookahSmokeless
%95% CIaOR1 95% CI%95% CIaOR1 95% CI%95% CIaOR1 95% CI%95% CIaOR1 95% CI%95% CIaOR1 95% CI
Overall13.4(12.8-14.1)N/AN/A52.6(50.9-54.4)N/AN/A48.6(47.0-50.2)N/AN/A63.8(61.6-66.0)N/AN/A25.9(24.2-27.7)N/AN/A
DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS
Age group
18-2421.6(20.1-23.3)----55.6(52.8-58.4)----51.7(49.6-53.9)----61.4(59.0-63.9)----33.7(30.4-37.2)----
25-3913.7(12.6-14.9)0.7(0.6-0.9)***52.2(49.6-54.9)1.0(0.8-1.2)49.7(46.9-52.5)1.0(0.8-1.1)67.9(63.0-72.4)1.3(0.9-2.0)31.9(28.3-35.8)1.2(0.9-1.6)
40-549.6(8.6-10.6)0.6(0.5-0.7)***54.5(51.0-58.0)1.1(0.9-1.4)47.7(44.4-51.0)0.7(0.6-1.0)*68.2(57.2-77.5)1.7(0.6-4.4)18.5(14.6-23.0)0.9(0.6-1.3)
55+11.9(10.4-13.5)0.8(0.6-1.0)44.9(40.4-49.5)0.8(0.6-1.1)42.3(37.7-46.9)0.4(0.3-0.6)***17.7(13.2-23.2)1.0(0.6-1.6)
Sex
Female12.7(11.8-13.7)----52.6(50.0-55.1)----53.1(50.5-55.6)----64.4(61.2-67.5)----48.6(36.6-60.8)----
Male14.1(13.2-15.0)1.0(0.9-1.2)52.6(50.4-54.9)1.1(0.9-1.3)46.8(44.8-48.8)0.8(0.7-1.0)*63.4(60.4-66.2)1.1(0.8-1.5)24.2(22.5-25.9)0.7(0.4-1.0)*
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White11.8(11.0-12.5)----50.5(48.6-52.3)----52.5(50.1-54.8)----67.6(64.2-70.8)----23.4(21.6-25.3)----
Non-Hispanic Black12.7(11.4-14.1)1.0(0.9-1.2)62.4(57.3-67.2)1.3(1.0-1.8)*35.9(33.0-39.0)0.7(0.5-0.8)***65.8(61.6-69.7)1.0(0.6-1.6)40.6(30.1-52.0)1.1(0.6-2.0)
Non-Hispanic Other (includes two or more races)18.0(15.2-21.1)1.2(0.9-1.7)48.5(41.6-55.6)0.9(0.7-1.3)50.7(44.5-56.9)1.2(0.8-1.8)50.5(41.9-59.0)0.5(0.3-1.0)*32.1(23.7-41.8)1.1(0.7-1.9)
Hispanic20.5(18.5-22.6)1.3(1.1-1.6)*60.4(56.6-64.2)1.2(1.0-1.6)50.2(46.4-54.0)1.0(0.8-1.3)61.4(57.6-65.0)0.8(0.6-1.1)50.7(41.1-60.2)1.5(0.9-2.7)
Sexual orientation
Straight/Heterosexual13.3(12.7-14.0)----52.5(50.6-54.4)----48.6(46.9-50.4)----63.6(61.2-66.0)----25.0(23.3-26.8)----
Gay or Lesbian11.3(8.4-15.0)0.7(0.5-1.1)51.6(43.2-59.8)0.9(0.6-1.4)50.2(43.0-57.5)1.6(1.0-2.6)*62.1(49.7-73.1)1.3(0.6-2.9)
Bisexual14.5(11.9-17.7)1.1(0.8-1.3)53.3(47.8-58.7)0.9(0.7-1.3)48.1(42.3-54.0)1.3(0.8-2.0)65.0(56.9-72.4)1.1(0.7-1.7)
Something else17.1(12.0-23.9)0.9(0.5-1.7)44.8(34.3-55.8)0.6(0.3-1.1)39.9(30.2-50.5)0.9(0.4-2.0)71.8(58.9-81.8)1.0(0.4-2.6)
Educational attainment
Less than high school or some high school (no diploma) or GED9.1(8.0-10.2)----54.4(51.4-57.4)----47.6(44.4-50.9)----62.9(58.1-67.5)----27.4(24.0-31.1)----
High school graduate—diploma12.4(11.2-13.6)1.2(1.0-1.5)54.3(51.4-57.1)1.1(0.9-1.3)47.4(44.1-50.8)1.0(0.8-1.3)64.5(59.5-69.1)0.9(0.6-1.3)24.4(21.5-27.6)1.2(0.8-1.8)
Some college (no degree) or associate degree14.5(13.3-15.8)1.4(1.1-1.6)***50.5(48.2-52.9)0.9(0.8-1.1)46.8(44.0-49.6)1.0(0.8-1.2)64.3(60.4-68.0)0.7(0.5-1.1)26.0(22.6-29.6)0.9(0.6-1.4)
Bachelor’s degree or more22.6(20.6-24.7)1.5(1.2-1.8)**53.0(48.3-57.5)1.0(0.8-1.4)54.5(50.5-58.5)1.1(0.8-1.6)62.6(56.4-68.3)0.7(0.4-1.2)26.7(21.7-32.3)0.9(0.6-1.5)
Annual household income
< $25,00011.0(10.2-11.9)----54.1(51.8-56.4)----45.9(43.7-48.0)----62.0(58.6-65.3)----33.6(30.2-37.2)----
$25,000- $74,99913.9(12.8-15.0)1.3(1.1-1.5)**52.8(49.8-55.8)1.0(0.8-1.2)50.4(47.7-53.2)1.1(0.9-1.4)66.4(62.6-70.1)1.2(0.9-1.6)21.8(18.6-25.4)0.8(0.5-1.1)
≥ $75,00020.6(18.6-22.8)1.5(1.3-1.9)***47.4(43.4-51.6)0.8(0.6-1.0)*51.2(47.4-55.0)1.2(0.9-1.6)64.0(57.6-70.0)1.2(0.8-1.8)23.4(19.2-28.2)1.1(0.7-1.8)
Not reported13.8(11.8-16.0)1.2(0.9-1.6)54.9(48.2-61.4)1.1(0.7-1.6)52.1(46.3-57.8)0.8(0.6-1.1)63.9(56.1-71.0)1.0(0.6-1.7)24.8(19.1-31.6)0.9(0.5-1.6)
TOBACCO USE CORRELATES
Use of cigarettes
No P30D useN/AN/AN/AN/A45.2(41.7-48.8)----49.6(46.5-52.6)----64.3(61.2-67.2)----16.4(14.5-18.6)----
P30D useN/AN/AN/AN/A54.9(53.1-56.6)1.5(1.2-1.8)***48.0(46.3-49.8)1.1(0.9-1.3)63.4(60.4-66.4)1.1(0.8-1.5)38.8(35.7-42.1)1.9(1.5-2.5)***
Use of ENDS
No P30D use13.8(13.0-14.6)----N/AN/AN/AN/A48.2(46.2-50.2)----65.0(62.4-67.6)----22.0(20.1-24.0)----
P30D use12.8(11.7-13.9)1.0(0.8-1.1)N/AN/AN/AN/A49.6(46.9-52.3)1.0(0.8-1.2)60.3(56.4-64.0)0.8(0.6-1.1)43.7(38.9-48.7)1.3(0.9-1.9)
Use of cigars
No P30D use12.9(12.2-13.6)----52.4(50.3-54.4)----N/AN/AN/AN/A65.8(63.0-68.5)----22.4(20.6-24.4)----
P30D use15.6(14.3-17.0)1.0(0.9-1.2)53.5(50.5-56.5)0.9(0.7-1.1)N/AN/AN/AN/A60.8(57.0-64.6)0.8(0.6-1.1)38.2(33.8-42.7)0.8(0.6-1.2)
Use of hookah
No P30D use12.9(12.3-13.6)----53.0(51.1-54.9)----48.9(47.1-50.7)----N/AN/AN/AN/A24.6(22.8-26.3)----
P30D use21.3(18.4-24.4)1.0(0.8-1.3)49.5(45.2-53.7)0.8(0.6-1.0)*46.2(42.8-49.7)0.8(0.6-0.9)*N/AN/AN/AN/A46.7(39.4-54.2)1.2(0.7-1.9)
Use of smokeless
No P30D use13.3(12.7-14.0)----52.5(50.8-54.3)----48.5(46.7-50.3)----63.6(61.3-66.0)----N/AN/AN/AN/A
P30D use15.6(13.2-18.4)1.0(0.7-1.4)52.5(46.7-58.2)1.0(0.7-1.3)49.1(44.8-53.5)1.0(0.7-1.3)64.9(57.1-72.1)1.1(0.7-1.8)N/AN/AN/AN/A
Frequency of use of the given product (in the past 30 days)
1-19 days28.9(27.4-30.5)----57.5(55.6-59.4)----44.1(41.8-46.5)----51.8(48.3-55.3)----42.2(37.6-46.8)----
20-30 days5.9(5.5-6.3)0.2(0.2-0.2)***27.0(24.3-29.8)0.3(0.3-0.4)***22.0(18.9-25.5)0.4(0.3-0.5)***44.2(35.9-52.8)0.7(0.4-1.0)*10.8(9.4-12.5)0.2(0.2-0.3)***
  • The percentages and ORs in the table are based on weighted data.

  • Denominator N (unweighted number of observations) for aOR in ‘Cigarettes’=17 792

  • Denominator N (unweighted number of observations) for aOR in ‘ENDS’=4350

  • Denominator N (unweighted number of observations) for aOR in ‘Cigars’=3576

  • Denominator N (unweighted number of observations) for aOR in ‘Hookah’=1262

  • Denominator N (unweighted number of observations) for aOR in ‘Smokeless’=2132

  • Tobacco product types were categorised into five groups: cigarettes, ENDS (e-cigarettes at Wave 1, and e-cigarettes, e-cigars, e-pipes and e-hookah at Waves 2 and 3), cigars (traditional cigars, cigarillos, filtered cigars), hookah and smokeless tobacco (loose snus, moist snuff, dip, spit, chewing tobacco and snus pouches).

  • For each of the five tobacco products, and for any tobacco product, use is defined with respect to the given tobacco product/any tobacco product: P30D use is defined as using the product at least once in the past 30 days.

  • The outcome ‘discontinuing P30D use’ is defined as no P30D use at follow-up (vs P30D use at follow-up) among P30D users at baseline. Since no P30D use at baseline is defined with respect to each tobacco product, P30D use of ‘other’ tobacco products are considered as correlates of no P30D use of the given tobacco product at follow-up.

  • Tobacco dependence was not assessed among all P30D users and thus is not included in these analyses.

  • GEE logistic regression analyses were used to assess correlates of no P30D use at follow-up among P30D users at baseline over a 1 year period of time (ie, Wave 1–Wave 2 and Wave 2–Wave 3), including up to two change data points per individual and statistically controlling for the correlation among observations from the same individuals. All correlates reflect baseline measurement for each wave pair (eg, when evaluating change between Wave 1 and Wave 2, the age correlate reflects a person’s age at Wave 1, and when evaluating change between Wave 2 and Wave 3, the age correlate reflects a person’s age at Wave 2).

  • 1Analyses adjusted for age group, sex, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, educational attainment, annual household income, each tobacco use correlate and wave.

  • †Estimates with either a relative SE greater than 30 or a corresponding denominator less than 50 have been suppressed.

  • *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.

  • aOR, adjusted OR; ENDS, electronic nicotine delivery system;GEE, generalised estimating equation; N/A, not applicable; P30D, past 30-day.