Table 3

Regression results by initial conditions

Coefficients(1)(2)(3)
MPOWERTaxMPOWE and tax
L.MPOWER Score
High MPOWER – high prevalence−0.390*** (−0.516 to –0.264)
High MPOWER – low prevalence−0.504*** (−0.867 to –0.141)
Low MPOWER – low prevalence0.290*** (0.081 to 0.499)
Low MPOWER – high prevalence−0.190 (−0.478 to 0.098)
L.Tax Rate
High MPOWER – high prevalence−0.073*** (−0.117 to –0.028)−0.047** (−0.087 to –0.006)
High MPOWER – low prevalence0.024 (−0.085 to 0.133)0.030 (−0.114 to 0.175)
Low MPOWER – low prevalence−0.103** (−0.200 to –0.006)−0.113*** (−0.178 to –0.049)
Low MPOWER – high prevalence−0.013 (−0.166 to 0.139)0.032 (−0.107 to 0.172)
L.MPOWE Score
High MPOWER – high prevalence−0.305*** (−0.446 to –0.164)
High MPOWER – low prevalence−0.468** (−0.876 to –0.060)
Low MPOWER – low prevalence0.354*** (0.143 to 0.565)
Low MPOWER – high prevalence−0.217** (−0.421 to –0.012)
Constant23.930*** (21.071 to 26.789)22.067*** (19.949 to 24.186)24.117*** (21.169 to 27.066)
Observations570570570
Number of countries117117117
Year fixed effectYesYesYes
Country fixed effectYesYesYes
  • 95% CIs in parentheses. ***p<0.01, **p<0.05. By definition, MPOWER Score ranges from 7 to 34, and MPOWE Score ranges from 6 to 29. The regression sample includes countries for which at least 2009 and 2017 prevalence, and 2008 and 2016 MPOWER and tax measures are available. SEs are clustered at WHO region—initial condition level.