Descriptive characteristics and HTP prevalence measures for the overall analytic sample and according to country of residence
| Variables | Overall (N=12 987) | Canada (N=3778) | England (N=4848) | USA (N=2846) | Australia (N=1515) | χ2 p value |
| Descriptive characteristics* | ||||||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 18–24 | 2562 (19.7) | 804 (21.3) | 1118 (23.1) | 617 (21.7) | 23 (1.5) | <0.001 |
| 25–39 | 2857 (22.0) | 995 (26.3) | 1105 (22.8) | 516 (18.1) | 241 (15.9) | |
| 40–54 | 3322 (25.6) | 1030 (27.3) | 1220 (25.2) | 567 (19.9) | 505 (33.3) | |
| 55+ | 4246 (32.7) | 949 (25.1) | 1405 (29.0) | 1146 (40.3) | 746 (49.2) | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 6322 (48.7) | 1785 (47.3) | 2436 (50.3) | 1318 (46.3) | 783 (51.7) | <0.001 |
| Female | 6663 (51.3) | 1992 (52.7) | 2411 (49.7) | 1528 (53.7) | 732 (48.3) | |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Majority | 10 770 (84.4) | 2951 (79.5) | 4351 (90.7) | 2094 (76.2) | 1374 (90.8) | <0.001 |
| Minority | 1998 (15.7) | 759 (20.5) | 446 (9.3) | 654 (23.8) | 139 (9.2) | |
| SES | ||||||
| Low | 4380 (33.9) | 1147 (30.5) | 1550 (32.2) | 1202 (42.2) | 481 (31.8) | <0.001 |
| Moderate | 1989 (15.4) | 642 (17.1) | 744 (15.5) | 399 (14.0) | 204 (13.5) | |
| High | 6568 (50.8) | 1976 (52.5) | 2519 (52.3) | 1245 (43.8) | 828 (54.7) | |
| Other nicotine use status† | ||||||
| Non-current smoker/vaper | 1619 (12.5) | 705 (18.7) | 301 (6.2) | 422 (14.8) | 191 (12.6) | <0.001 |
| ‘Exclusive’ vaper | 1087 (8.4) | 251 (6.6) | 398 (8.2) | 358 (12.6) | 80 (5.3) | |
| ‘Exclusive’ smoker | 6753 (52.0) | 1948 (51.6) | 2358 (48.6) | 1361 (47.8) | 1086 (71.7) | |
| Concurrent smoker–vaper | 3528 (27.2) | 874 (23.1) | 1791 (36.9) | 705 (24.8) | 158 (10.4) | |
| HTP prevalence measures‡ | ||||||
| Aware of HTPs | ||||||
| Yes | 30.2 (29.1–31.4)§ | 30.4 (28.5–32.4) | 31.0 (28.9–33.2) | 30.2 (27.8–32.6) | 27.4 (24.1–34.8) | 0.346 |
| No | 69.8 (68.6–70.9) | 69.6 (67.6–71.5) | 69.0 (66.8–71.1) | 69.8 (67.4–72.2) | 72.6 (69.2–75.9) | |
| Ever tried HTPs | ||||||
| Yes | 2.4 (2.1–2.8)¶ | 3.3 (2.6–4.4) | 2.4 (1.9–3.2) | 2.0 (1.3–2.8) | 0.9 (0.2–1.7) | 0.001b,c,e |
| No | 97.6 (97.2–97.9) | 96.6 (96.0–97.4) | 97.5 (97.8–98.1) | 98.0 (97.2–98.7) | 99.1 (98.3–99.8) | |
| Current HTP user | ||||||
| Yes | 0.9 (0.7–1.0)** | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 0.7 (0.4–0.9) | 0.2 (0.0–0.4) | <0.001 c,d,e,f |
| No | 99.1 (99.0–99.3) | 99.2 (98.9–99.4) | 98.8 (98.4–99.1) | 99.3 (99.1–99.6) | 99.8 (99.6–100.0) | |
Some n’s may not add to column totals due to missing data: sex (n=2), ethnicity (n=219), SES (n=50), aware of HTPs (n=12), ever tried HTPs (n=14) and current HTP user (n=18).
Six post hoc analyses with Bonferroni correction were performed for the HTP prevalence measures, with p<0.0083 considered statistically significant; aCanada vs England, bCanada vs USA, cCanada vs Australia, dEngland vs USA,eEngland vs Australia, fUSA vs Australia.
*Values are unweighted and represent n (column %); χ2 p values are from Pearson χ2 tests.
†For details of the ‘other nicotine use status’ classification strategy, please refer to online supplemental table S1.
‡Values are weighted and represent column % (95% CI); χ2 p values are from Rao-Scott adjusted χ2 tests.
§n=4252.
¶n=697.
**n=443.
HTP, heated tobacco product; SES, socioeconomic status.