Table 3

Correlates of consumption of illicit trade

Variable	Category	Marginal effect	SE
Gender	Male (base) Female	−0.0004	0.0024
Age		0.0004*	0.0002
Education	None/elementary/middle school (base)
	High school/associate degrees	0.0056	0.0044
	Bachelor/master degree	−0.0044	0.0037
Occupation	Worker (base) Unemployed	0.0125	0.0122
	Retired/disabled/other	0.0293	0.0318
	Student	0.0635*	0.0288
	Housekeeper	0.0141	0.0149
Smoking intensity		<0.0001	<0.0001
Age of smoking initiation		−0.0001	0.0003
City	Bogotá (base) Medellín	−0.0040†	0.0022
	Cartagena	−0.0021	0.0036
	Cúcuta	0.0619‡	0.0181
	Cali	0.0009*	0.0004

Marginal effects of probit estimates based on DEICS-COL-2016. Estimates from 1678 observations, less than the sample size because of missing values in age of initiation. Age, age of initiation and smoking intensity included linear and squared terms. Marginal effects calculated at the mean of covariates. Heteroskedasticity-robust SEs in the last column.
*At 5%.
†At 10%.
‡Denotes significance at 1%.
COL, Colombia; DEICS, Demand for Illicit Cigarettes Survey.