Prevalence and changes in daily and non-daily smoking among Mexicans, 2002−2016
| 2002 | 2009 | Difference (% change), 2002–2009 | 2011 | 2015 | 2016 | Difference (% change), 2009–2016 | Difference (% change), 2002–2016 | |
| Current smoking | 21.4 | 16.5 | −4.9*** (−22.9%) | 18.3 | 17.2 | 19.0 | 2.4** (11.5%) | −2.5* (−11.2%) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 11.5 | 8.2 | −3.3** (−28.7%) | 10.0 | 8.8 | 9.3 | 1.1 (13.4%) | −2.1* (−19.2%) |
| Male | 33.9 | 25.8 | −8.1*** (−23.9%) | 27.2 | 26.2 | 29.4 | 3.6** (13.9%) | −4.5** (−13.0%) |
| Daily smoking | 13.5 | 7.7 | −5.9*** (−41.0%) | 7.6 | 7.8 | 7.0 | −0.7 (−9.1%) | −6.6*** (48.1%) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 7.1 | 3.8 | −3.3*** (−46.4%) | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.3 | −0.5 (−13.2%) | −3.8*** (−53.5%) |
| Male | 21.6 | 12.0 | −9.6*** (−44.4%) | 11.6 | 12.1 | 11.0 | −1.0 (−8.3%) | −10.6*** (−49.1%) |
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| 15–17 | 5.1 | 3.5 | −1.6 (−31.4%) | 2.0 | 1.5 | 0.9 | −2.5** (−57.1%) | −4.2** (−70.6%) |
| 18–24 | 13.6 | 8.0 | −5.6** (−41.2%) | 5.6 | 8.3 | 6.1 | −1.8 (−23.8%) | −7.5*** (−55.1%) |
| 25–34 | 14.4 | 7.4 | −7.0*** (−48.6%) | 8.3 | 9.5 | 7.4 | 0.0 (0.0%) | −7.0*** (−48.6%) |
| 34–44 | 16.9 | 7.3 | −9.6*** (−56.8%) | 8.5 | 6.8 | 7.6 | 0.3 (4.1%) | −9.3*** (−45.0) |
| 45–54 | 14.9 | 10.7 | −4.2* (−28.2%) | 10.1 | 9.1 | 8.5 | −2.1 (−20.6%) | −6.4*** (−43.0%) |
| 55–65 | 11.7 | 8.5 | −3.2 (−27.4%) | 9.5 | 8.3 | 9.1 | 0.6 (7.1%) | −2.6 (−22.2%) |
| Education | ||||||||
| Primary or less | 10.0 | 7.4 | −2.6** (−26.0%) | 8.4 | 8.1 | 7.7 | 0.3 (4.1%) | −2.3** (−2.3%) |
| Secondary | 14.2 | 8.1 | −6.1*** (−43.0%) | 7.4 | 7.7 | 6.9 | −1.2 (−14.8%) | −7.3*** (−51.4%) |
| High school | 16.4 | 7.8 | −8.6*** (−52.4%) | 6.1 | 7.1 | 6.2 | −1.5 (−20.5%) | −10.2*** (−62.2%) |
| University or more | 19.7 | 7.5 | −12.2*** (−62.0%) | 9.3 | 9.0 | 7.4 | −0.1 (−1.4%) | −12.3*** (−62.4%) |
| Place of residence1 | ||||||||
| Rural | 7.5 | 4.3 | −3.2*** (−42.6%) | 4.3 | 3.6 | 3.9 | −0.4 (−9.4%) | −3.6*** (−48.0%) |
| Urban | 15.5 | 8.6 | −6.9*** (−44.5%) | 8.5 | 9.0 | 7.9 | −0.7 (−8.1%) | −7.6*** (49.0%) |
| Non-daily smoking | 7.9 | 8.8 | 0.9 (14.2%) | 10.6 | 9.3 | 11.9 | 3.1*** (35.2%) | 4.1*** (50.6%) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 4.3 | 4.4 | 0.1 (2.3%) | 6.1 | 4.9 | 6.0 | 1.6** (36.3%) | 1.7** (39.5%) |
| Male | 12.3 | 13.8 | 1.5 (12.2%) | 15.6 | 14.1 | 18.4 | 4.6*** (33.3%) | 6.1*** (49.6%) |
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| 15–17 | 5.0 | 6.3 | 1.3 (26.0%) | 8.4 | 4.5 | 7.2 | 0.9 (14.2%) | 2.2* (44.0%) |
| 18–24 | 10.1 | 12.2 | 2.1 (20.8%) | 16.3 | 13.6 | 17.1 | 4.9*** (40.1%) | 7.0*** (69.3%) |
| 25–34 | 7.7 | 10.4 | 2.7* (35.1%) | 12.0 | 11.3 | 14.7 | 4.3*** (41.3%) | 7.0*** (91.0%) |
| 34–44 | 8.5 | 8.6 | 0.1 (1.1%) | 10.2 | 9.9 | 11.1 | 2.5* (27.9%) | 2.6* (29.4%) |
| 45–54 | 8.2 | 6.9 | −1.3 (−15.9%) | 7.4 | 6.5 | 9.6 | 2.7** (39.1%) | 1.4 (17.1%) |
| 54–65 | 5.2 | 4.0 | −1.2 (−23.1%) | 5.6 | 4.7 | 6.8 | 2.8*** (31.0%) | 1.6 (30.8%) |
| Education | ||||||||
| Primary or less | 6.2 | 7.3 | 1.1 (17.7%) | 8.5 | 8.1 | 9.4 | 2.1** (28.8%) | 3.2*** (51.6%) |
| Secondary | 7.8 | 9.2 | 1.4 (17.9%) | 11.5 | 10.0 | 12.0 | 2.7** (30.4%) | 4.2** (53.8%) |
| High school | 10.2 | 10.5 | 0.3 (2.9%) | 12.6 | 10.6 | 14.8 | 4.3** (41.0%) | 4.6** (45.1%) |
| University or more | 9.9 | 10.8 | 0.9 (9.1%) | 11.5 | 8.4 | 12.9 | 2.0 (19.4%) | 3.0 (30.3%) |
| Place of residence1 | ||||||||
| Rural | 5.0 | 7.0 | 2.0** (40%) | 9.2 | 6.2 | 8.9 | 1.9** (27.1%) | 3.9* (78%) |
| Urban | 8.8 | 9.4 | 0.6 (6.8%) | 11.1 | 10.1 | 12.8 | 3.4*** (36.2%) | 4.0*** (45.5%) |
*P<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.