Table 2

Changes in smoking outcomes from baseline to the end of the study after switching to non-menthol cigarettes (n=29)

Measure	Baseline: menthol cigarettes	End of study: after switching to non-menthol cigarettes	P value	Cohen's d_z
Nicotine dependence: WISDM
Total (range 11–77)	45.0 (10.7)	36.8 (10.9)	<0.001	0.94
Primary dependence motives (range 1–7)	4.3 (1.1)	3.6 (1.2)	<0.001	0.83
Quitting Smoking
Importance of quitting (range 1–10)	3.3 (2.4)	5.4 (2.5)	<0.001	0.76
Confidence quitting smoking (range 1–10)	4.2 (2.9)	5.5 (2.7)	0.04	0.39
Withdrawal: WSWS
Anger (range 1–5)	2.4 (1.2)	2.3 (1.1)	0.56	0.11
Anxiety (range 1–5)	2.4 (0.7)	2.1 (0.8)	0.02	0.46
Concentration (range 1–5)	1.8 (0.7)	1.7 (0.7)	0.51	0.13
Craving (range 1–5)	3.3 (0.6)	2.8 (0.8)	<0.001	0.91
Hunger (range 1–5)	2.6 (0.9)	2.5 (0.9)	0.73	0.06
Sadness (range 1–5)	1.5 (0.7)	1.4 (0.7)	0.30	0.20
Sleep (range 1–5)	1.6 (0.7)	1.5 (0.7)	0.33	0.19
Cigarette subjective effects: MCEQ
Smoking satisfaction (range 1–7)	5.0 (1.3)	3.0 (1.5)	<0.001	1.06
Psychological reward (range 1–7)	4.2 (1.2)	2.8 (1.4)	<0.001	0.84
Enjoyment of respiratory tract sensations (range 1–7)	3.8 (1.4)	2.2 (1.4)	<0.001	0.98
Craving reduction (range 1–7)	5.1 (1.6)	3.6 (1.8)	0.002	0.61
Aversion (range 1–7)	1.9 (1.0)	2.1 (1.4)	0.23	0.23

Note: WISDM (Piper et al)32, higher scores indicate greater nicotine dependence. WSWS (Welsch et al)34 measures constructs of nicotine withdrawal (eg, ‘craving’ or having frequent urges to smoke), higher scores indicate greater nicotine withdrawal. MCEQ (Cappelleri et al)35 measures the subjective effects of cigarettes (eg, ‘craving reduction’ or how much smoking alleviates craving), higher scores indicate greater ratings of subjective effects. Cohen’s d_zis the effect size estimate for repeated measures (Cohen).38
MCEQ, Modified Cigarette Evaluation Scale; WISDM, Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives; WSWS, Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale.