Table 1

Descriptive statistics of variables used in the first-stage regression

	Obs.	Mean	Std dev.	Min	Max
Unit value, cigarettes	24 143	81.34	27.30	14.17	208.88
Budget share, cigarettes	61 889	0.03	0.05	0.00	0.51
Total expenditure	61 889	3.25	2.07	0.08	14.26
Household size	61 889	2.91	1.65	1	20
Male ratio	61 889	0.46	0.28	0	1
Adult ratio	61 889	0.92	0.16	0.14	1
Mean education	61 889	10.34	2.84	2	20
Maximum education	61 889	11.48	3.13	2	20
Rural settlements	61 889	0.59	0.49	0	1
Household type
Employed	61 889	0.62	0.49	0	1
Self-employed	61 889	0.13	0.34	0	1
Pensioners	61 889	0.34	0.48	0	1
Unemployed	61 889	0.04	0.20	0	1

Authors’ calculation based on the Household Budget Survey data.