Ratings of effectiveness of HWL themes, by smoking status
| Outcomes | Self-harm from using cigarettes | Harming family /children with SHS | Reinforcing compliance with existing smoke-free policies | Anticigarette gift giving | P value* |
| (1–10) | (n1=394; n2=403) | (n1=406; n2=409) | (n1=392; n2=386) | (n1=424; n2=417) | |
| The warning label is credible | |||||
| Smokers: mean (SD) | 6.99 (1.71) | 7.40 (1.75) | 7.10 (1.81) | 7.02 (1.77) | 0.004 |
| Non-smokers: mean (SD) | 8.33 (1.43) | 8.56 (1.41) | 8.37 (1.50) | 8.27 (1.56) | 0.037 |
| The warning label would stop me from gifting cigarettes | |||||
| Smokers: mean (SD) | 6.82 (2.03) | 7.04 (1.98) | 6.73 (1.99) | 6.84 (2.05) | 0.161 |
| Non-smokers: mean (SD) | 8.27 (1.59) | 8.45 (1.64) | 8.37 (1.53) | 8.26 (1.68) | 0.298 |
| The warning label makes me think about quitting | |||||
| Smokers: mean (SD) | 6.73 (1.95) | 6.94 (2.03) | 6.72 (2.00) | 6.69 (2.05) | 0.274 |
| The warning label makes me concerned about smoking near my family | |||||
| Smokers: mean (SD) | 7.16 (1.81) | 7.37 (1.78) | 7.17 (1.82) | 7.08 (1.92) | 0.137 |
| The warning label makes me concerned about smoking near children | |||||
| Smokers: mean (SD) | 7.46 (1.82) | 7.67 (1.76) | 7.45 (1.84) | 7.33 (1.89) | 0.060 |
| The warning label makes me more likely to comply with public smoking bans | |||||
| Smokers: mean (SD) | 7.21 (1.90) | 7.43 (1.86) | 7.33 (1.84) | 7.16 (1.98) | 0.184 |
| The warning label will prevent me from smoking | |||||
| Non-smokers: mean (SD) | 8.61 (1.47) | 8.78 (1.45) | 8.65 (1.51) | 8.44 (1.70) | 0.018 |
n1, number of smokers; n2, number of non-smokers.
*P value of analysis of variance.
HWL, health warning label; SHS, secondhand smoke.