Prevalence and correlates of current use of flavour capsule cigarette among smokers by country
| Country | Study ID | Measure | Prevalence year: % | Use by age (years) % and/or measure of association (95% CI) | Use by gender % and/or measure of association (95% CI) | Other correlates of use % and/or measure of association (95% CI) |
| Australia | Thrasher et al41 | Usual or current preferred brand is flavour capsule | 2012: 1% 2014: 3% | 18–24: 4%, Ref 35–44: 1%, aOR=0.32 (0.14 to 0.75) | Male: 1%, Ref Female: 2%, aOR=1.52 (0.91 to 2.52) | Higher HSI: aOR=0.83 (0.71 to 0.96) NS: Education, smoking status, intentions to quit, recent quit attempt |
| Chile | Paraje et al34 | Last pack bought was flavour capsule cigarette | 2017: 39.5% | ≤25: 60% (SD: 0.49) 26–34: 54.4% (SD: 0.50) 35–49: 31.7% (SD: 0.47) ≥50: 23.0% (SD:0.43) Each year less in age, likelihood of capsule use increased by 0.8–0.9 percentage points | Male: 32.3% (SD: 0.47), Ref Female: 46.7% (SD: 0.50) If female, likelihood of capsule use increased by 13.4–13.5 percentage points | Price paid: On average, the unit value of prices paid by those who used flavour capsule cigarettes was 14% higher than those who used non-flavoured cigarettes NS: Education, employment status |
| Mexico | Gutiérrez-Torres et al32 | Last cigarette brand they purchased was Pall Mall (not specifically capsule, but most variants are) | 2009: 1% 2011: 3% 2015: 10% 2016: 14% | Purchase of single cigs: 15–25: Ref 25–44: aOR=0.46 (0.33 to 0.63) 45–65: aOR=0.31 (0.19 to 0.51) Purchase of packs: NS | Purchase of single cigs: Male: Ref Female: aOR=2.21 (1.60 to 3.05) Purchase of packs: Female: aOR=1.99 (1.53 to 2.60) | Purchase of single cigs: Smoking status Non-daily: Ref Daily ≤5 cigs: aOR=0.88 (0.57 to 1.35) Daily >5 cigs: aOR=0.47 (0.24 to 0.90) Purchase of packs: NS |
| Mexico | Thrasher et al41 | Usual or current preferred brand is flavour capsule | 2012: 6% 2014: 14% | 18–24: 12%, Ref 25–34: 9%, aOR=0.66 (0.49 to 0.88) 35–44: 7%, aOR=0.60 (0.43 to 0.83) 45–54: 10%, aOR=0.67 (0.48 to 0.95) | Male: 7%, Ref Female: 13%, aOR=2.07 (1.66 to 2.59) | Smoking status Non-daily: 9%, Ref Daily: 11%, aOR=1.24 (1.02 to 1.51) NS: Education, HSI, quit intentions, recent quit attempt |
| Mexico | Zavala-Arciniega and Gutiérrez-Torres36 | Smoke cigarettes with flavoured capsules within the past 30 days | 2018–2019: 43% | 10–19: 52%, aPR=2.66 (2.07 to 3.43) 20–29: 56%, aPR=2.64 (2.08 to 3.36) 30–39: 50%, aPR=2.41 (1.90 to 3.07) 40–49: 36%, aPR=1.80 (1.39 to 2.32) 50–59: 28%, aPR=1.41 (1.08 to 1.85) ≥60: 19%, Ref | Male: 39%, aPR=0.74 (0.69 to 0.80) Female: 55%, Ref | Education Primary school or less: 25%, Ref Secondary school: 43%, aPR=1.27 (1.13 to 1.43) High school: 51%, aPR=1.41 (1.24 to 1.61) University+: 56%,aPR=1.56 (1.36 to 1.79) NS: Well-being |
| South Korea | Cho and Thrasher30 | Usual or current brand is flavour capsule | 2016: 18% | 19–28: Ref 29–38: aOR=0.38, p<0.001 | Male: Ref Female: aOR=1.51, p<0.05 | Smoked current usual brand <1 year Regular: Ref Capsule: aOR=4.81, p<0.001 Higher nicotine dependence Regular: Ref Capsule: aOR=0.87, p<0.01 |
| United Kingdom | Moodie et al14 | Cigarette brand has flavour capsule | 2016: 13% | 25–34 vs 18–24:aOR=0.46 (0.33 to 0.64) 35–44 vs 18–34: aOR=0.41 (0.30 to 0.54) 45–54 vs 18–44: aOR=0.33 (0.24 to 0.45) 55+ vs 18–54: aOR=0.36 (0.27 to 0.48) | Male: Ref Female: aOR=1.15 (0.92 to 1.43) | Race/ethnicity White British: Ref Other white: aOR=1.85 (1.26 to 2.72) Quit intentions (next 6 months) No: Ref Yes: aOR=1.74 (1.40 to 2.17) NS: Social grade, HSI |
| United States | Emond et al31 | Usual or last-smoked cigarette is flavour capsule | 2013–2014: 4.3% | 18–24: 9.4% (8.2 to 10.8) 25–34: 6.0% (5.1 to 7.0) 35–44: 3.7% (2.9 to 4.7) ≥45: 0.09% (0.6 to 1.0) p<0.001 | No association | 18 to 24 years old: Race/ethnicity Hispanic: 17.3% (13.1 to 22.4), p<0.05 Non-Hispanic white: 8.4% (7.0 to 10.1) Non-Hispanic black: 3.2% (1.1 to 8.8) Other: 9.1% Smoke some days (vs every day) Non-menthol: 32.5% (29.6 to 35.5) Menthol: 24.9% (21.8 to 28.3) Capsule: 46.3% (39.6 to 53.1), p<0.001 Mean cigs smoked/day Non-menthol: 14.3 (13.0 to 15.6) Menthol: 13.1 (11.6 to 14.6) Capsule: 10.7 (9.1 to 12.30), p<0.01 Started smoking regularly at 18+ years First cig of day >1 hour of waking NS: Polytobacco use |
| United States | Thrasher et al41 | Usual or current preferred brand variety includes a flavour capsule | 2012: 4% 2014: 4% | 18–24: 10%, Ref 25–34: 6%, aOR=0.64 (0.45 to 0.89) 35–44: 3%, aOR=0.36 (0.23 to 0.56) 45–54: 2%, aOR=0.16 (0.08 to 0.29) 55–64: 0.4%, aOR=0.08 (0.04 to 0.18) | Male: 4%, Ref Female: 5%, aOR=1.39 (1.03 to 1.88) | Race/ethnicity Caucasian: 4%, Ref African American: 4%, aOR=0.53 (0.26 to 1.09) Latino: 4%, aOR=0.66 (0.47 to 0.94) Other: 9%, aOR=1.35 (0.75 to 2.43) NS: Education, smoking status, HSI, quit intentions, recent quit attempt |
| United States | Schneller et al40 | Usual brand is menthol in capsule only or menthol in both tobacco and capsule | 2013–2014: 5.3% | N/A | N/A | HSI mean score at Wave 1 Non-menthol: 2.4 (SE: 0.03) Menthol in capsule only: 1.3 (SE: 0.10) p<0.05 NS: HSI at Wave 2, past quit attempt, successfully quit by Wave 2 |
aOR, adjusted OR; aPR, adjusted prevalence ratio; cig, cigarette; HSI, Heaviness of Smoking Index (time to first cigarette and daily number of cigarettes consumed; higher score (4–6); lower score (0–3)); N/A, not applicable; NS, not statistically significant.