Canada (n=4600) | USA (n=3046) | Australia (n=1834) | ||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Wave of recruitment | ||||||
Recruited from the 4C Survey (≤2015) | 316 | 6.9 | 661 | 21.7 | 299 | 16.3 |
Recruited from wave 1 of the 4CV Survey (2016) | 1083 | 23.5 | 195 | 6.4 | 385 | 21.0 |
Recruited from wave 2 of the 4CV Survey (2018) | 1485 | 32.3 | 1253 | 41.1 | 579 | 31.6 |
Recruited from wave 3 of the 4CV Survey (2020) | 1716 | 37.3 | 937 | 30.8 | 571 | 31.1 |
Sex | ||||||
Male | 2187 | 47.5 | 1452 | 47.7 | 965 | 52.6 |
Female | 2413 | 52.5 | 1594 | 52.3 | 869 | 47.4 |
Age group | ||||||
18–24 | 1238 | 26.9 | 927 | 30.4 | 27 | 1.5 |
25–39 | 1149 | 25.0 | 476 | 15.6 | 305 | 16.6 |
40–54 | 1158 | 25.2 | 549 | 18.0 | 598 | 32.6 |
55+ | 1055 | 22.9 | 1094 | 35.9 | 904 | 49.3 |
Ethnicity | ||||||
White/English | 3545 | 77.1 | 2160 | 70.9 | 1640 | 89.4 |
Otherwise/not reported | 1055 | 22.9 | 886 | 29.1 | 194 | 10.6 |
Income | ||||||
Not stated | 309 | 6.7 | 12 | 0.4 | 126 | 6.9 |
Low | 1568 | 34.1 | 1132 | 37.2 | 589 | 32.1 |
Moderate | 1212 | 26.3 | 879 | 28.9 | 389 | 21.2 |
High | 1511 | 32.8 | 1023 | 33.6 | 730 | 39.8 |
Education | ||||||
Low | 1327 | 29.0 | 1134 | 37.2 | 592 | 32.4 |
Moderate | 1998 | 43.7 | 1270 | 41.7 | 749 | 41.0 |
High | 1246 | 27.3 | 641 | 21.1 | 484 | 26.5 |
Smoking status | ||||||
Daily smoker | 3444 | 74.9 | 2401 | 78.8 | 1718 | 93.7 |
Non-daily smoker | 1156 | 25.1 | 645 | 21.2 | 116 | 6.3 |
Vaping status | ||||||
Non-vaper (or less than weekly vaping) | 3357 | 73.0 | 2097 | 68.8 | 1614 | 88.0 |
Vaper (at least weekly) | 1243 | 27.0 | 949 | 31.2 | 220 | 12.0 |
Has a regular brand of cigarettes | ||||||
Does not have a regular brand | 903 | 19.6 | 444 | 14.6 | 192 | 10.5 |
Has a regular brand | 3697 | 80.4 | 2602 | 85.4 | 1642 | 89.5 |
4C: previous ITC cohort surveys; 4CV: current ITC cohort surveys. Sex (male vs female); age group (18–24, 25–39, 40–54 vs 55+); ethnicity (White (CA, USA) or English as primary language (AU) vs otherwise); income (defined as low (CA, AU: <$45 000; USA: <$30 000), moderate (CA, AU: $45 000 to <$75 000; USA: $30 000 to <$60 000), high (CA, AU: ≥$75 000; USA: ≥$60 000), and not reported); education (defined as low (all countries: ≤high school), moderate (CA: trade school, community college, some university but no degree; USA: trade school, community college, associate degree, or some university but no degree; AU: technical education or some university but no degree), and high (all countries: university degree or postgraduate degree)); respondent type (cohort: ≤2015, 2016, 2018; new respondents: newly replenished in 2018 or 2020); smoking status (daily smoker vs non-daily smoker); and vaping status (does not vape/vapes less than weekly vs vapes at least weekly).
AU, Australia; 4C, Four Country Survey; CA, Canada; 4CV, Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey; ITC, International Tobacco Control.