Table 2

Direct and indirect cost of smoking and secondhand smoke exposure, by country, 2016

Country	Direct cost					Morbidity cost				Mortality cost				Total cost
Country	SAD (%)	PPP$ (million)	Per capita PPP$	% of GDP	% of total cost	PPP$ (million)	Per capita PPP$	% of GDP	% of total cost	PPP$ (million)	Per capita PPP$	% of GDP	% of total cost	PPP$ (million)	Per capita PPP$	% of GDP
Smoking
Bahrain	9.7	333	234	0.49	46.9	196	137	0.29	27.6	181	127	0.27	25.5	710	498	1.05
Kuwait	13.6	1397	323	0.48	40.5	725	167	0.25	21.0	1325	306	0.45	38.4	3447	796	1.17
Oman	8.2	633	144	0.34	45.2	315	71	0.17	22.5	453	103	0.24	32.3	1401	318	0.74
Qatar	7.2	532	203	0.16	36.3	485	185	0.15	33.1	448	171	0.14	30.6	1465	560	0.45
KSA	5.9	5774	182	0.33	42.4	2685	84	0.15	19.7	5173	163	0.29	37.9	13 632	429	0.78
UAE	9.1	2183	239	0.32	32.1	1682	184	0.25	24.7	2941	322	0.43	43.2	6807	746	1.00
All		10 852	202	0.33	39.5	6089	113	0.18	22.2	10 522	196	0.32	38.3	27 463	511	0.83
SHS
Bahrain	3.1	108	76	0.16	44.6	87	61	0.13	35.8	47	33	0.07	19.6	242	170	0.36
Kuwait	3.2	333	77	0.11	40.6	252	58	0.09	30.7	235	54	0.08	28.7	819	189	0.28
Oman	2.4	190	43	0.10	45.6	117	26	0.06	28.0	110	25	0.06	26.3	416	94	0.22
Qatar	1.9	145	55	0.04	30.8	227	87	0.07	48.4	98	37	0.03	20.8	470	179	0.14
KSA	1.7	1643	52	0.09	46.2	1065	34	0.06	29.9	851	27	0.05	23.9	3559	112	0.20
UAE	1.9	448	49	0.07	29.0	610	67	0.09	39.5	487	53	0.07	31.5	1545	169	0.23
All		2866	53	0.09	40.6	2357	44	0.07	33.4	1828	34	0.06	25.9	7051	131	0.21

GDP, gross domestic product; KSA, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; PPP$, purchasing power parity dollars using international Monetary Fund 2016 conversion rates; SAD, smoking attributable deaths; SHS, secondhand smoke; UAE, United Arab Emirates.