Equity impact of tobacco control policies on mean TOD per 1000 population per square kilometre by area-level income deprivation
Policy | TOD most deprived | TOD least deprived | SII | RII | P value |
On-sales | 9.856 | 3.297 | −1.312 | 2.990 | 0.000 |
Liquor store | 0.964 | 0.325 | −0.128 | 2.967 | 0.008 |
Pharmacy | 1.776 | 0.625 | −0.230 | 2.841 | 0.001 |
Baseline | 12.055 | 4.627 | −1.486 | 2.605 | 0.000 |
Minimum Spacing | 4.247 | 1.700 | −0.510 | 2.499 | 0.001 |
School | 5.784 | 2.432 | −0.670 | 2.378 | 0.000 |
Cap Least Deprived | 3.805 | 1.615 | −0.438 | 2.356 | 0.001 |
Cap National Av | 5.396 | 2.320 | −0.615 | 2.326 | 0.000 |
Child spaces | 2.305 | 1.181 | −0.225 | 1.952 | 0.004 |
Frequent purchases | 3.231 | 1.674 | −0.312 | 1.931 | 0.018 |
Small local | 4.256 | 2.205 | −0.410 | 1.930 | 0.016 |
Supermarket | 0.541 | 0.285 | −0.051 | 1.898 | 0.016 |
Reduce clusters | 1.520 | 0.928 | −0.118 | 1.638 | 0.067 |
TOD in the most deprived quintile is given by the intercept of regressions fitted to mean densities across quintiles. TOD inthe least deprived quintile is given as the intercept+5*SII. Policies areranked by RII from highest (ie, most inequality) to lowest. The level of socioeconomic inequality at baseline is shown in bold. Policies ranked above the baseline indicate increased levels of inequality, whereas those ranked beneath baseline indicate reduced inequality. P-values indicate statistical significance of the socioeconomic gradient, where non-significant values indicate that no significant inequality exists.
RII, Relative Index of Inequality; SII, Slope Index of Inequality; TOD, tobacco outlet density.