Table 2

Equity impact of tobacco control policies on mean TOD per 1000 population per square kilometre by area-level income deprivation

PolicyTOD most deprivedTOD least deprivedSIIRIIP value
On-sales9.8563.297−1.3122.9900.000
Liquor store0.9640.325−0.1282.9670.008
Pharmacy1.7760.625−0.2302.8410.001
Baseline 12.055 4.627 1.486 2.605 0.000
Minimum Spacing4.2471.700−0.5102.4990.001
School5.7842.432−0.6702.3780.000
Cap Least Deprived3.8051.615−0.4382.3560.001
Cap National Av5.3962.320−0.6152.3260.000
Child spaces2.3051.181−0.2251.9520.004
Frequent purchases3.2311.674−0.3121.9310.018
Small local4.2562.205−0.4101.9300.016
Supermarket0.5410.285−0.0511.8980.016
Reduce clusters1.5200.928−0.1181.6380.067
  • TOD in the most deprived quintile is given by the intercept of regressions fitted to mean densities across quintiles. TOD inthe least deprived quintile is given as the intercept+5*SII. Policies areranked by RII from highest (ie, most inequality) to lowest. The level of socioeconomic inequality at baseline is shown in bold. Policies ranked above the baseline indicate increased levels of inequality, whereas those ranked beneath baseline indicate reduced inequality. P-values indicate statistical significance of the socioeconomic gradient, where non-significant values indicate that no significant inequality exists.

  • RII, Relative Index of Inequality; SII, Slope Index of Inequality; TOD, tobacco outlet density.