Percent reductions in tobacco retailer density disparities in Ohio following each licensing-law strategy
| Licensing-law strategy | African–American | Hispanic | Poverty | Population under 18 | Urban/ suburban/rural |
| Capping-based, 1 per thousand* |
L: 5.4
H: 1.9 | L: 4.7 H: 3.0 | L: 4.1 H: 5.2 | L: 4.9 H: 3.9 |
U: 1.4
S: 1.5 R: 12.9 |
| Capping-based, 0.7 per thousand* | L: 23.3 H: 21.5 | L: 22.8 H: 25.8 |
L: 21.3
H: 25.4 | L: 23.5 H: 21.3 |
U: 20.4
S: 13.4 R: 32.0 |
| Declustering-based, 200 ft* | L: 4.0 H: 3.8 | L: 3.9 H: 4.6 | L: 3.5 H: 4.5 | L: 4.1 H: 3.5 | U: 4.1 S: 3.6 R: 4.0 |
| Declustering-based, 500 ft* |
L: 16.5
H: 19.2 | L: 17.2 H: 20.5 |
L: 15.5
H: 19.2 | L: 17.6 H: 16.5 |
U: 18.6
S: 14.4 R: 15.1 |
| School-based, 500 ft of a school |
L: 2.1
H: 3.7 |
L: 2.4
H: 5.8 |
L: 1.7
H: 3.6 | L: 2.3 H: 3.0 |
U: 3.1
S: 1.8 R: 1.7 |
| School-based, 1000 ft of a school |
L: 9.2
H: 17.7 |
L: 11.2
H: 21.7 |
L: 8.3
H: 15.6 | L: 10.9 H: 13.3 |
U: 14.3
S: 8.0 R: 7.7 |
| Pharmacy-based |
L: 7.6
H: 5.7 | L: 7.1 H: 5.8 |
L: 8.4
H: 5.4 |
L: 7.7
H: 5.6 | U: 7.5 S: 7.7 R: 5.7 |
| Capping-based and school-based* |
L: 29.1
H: 33.3 |
L: 30.4
H: 39.8 |
L: 27.1
H: 35.7 | L: 31.3 H: 30.9 |
U: 30.5
S: 19.9 R: 36.2 |
| Pharmacy-based and school-based |
L: 15.7
H: 22.3 |
L: 17.2
H: 26.3 |
L: 15.6
H: 20.1 | L: 17.5 H: 17.9 |
U: 20.3
S: 15.0 R: 12.8 |
For each level of the demographic characteristic, we calculated the percent reductions in median retailer density per thousand people in each census tract before versus after policy implementation.
Except for urban/suburban/rural, bold values indicate that the median percentage reductions for the low and high covariate values are significantly different. For ‘urban/suburban/rural’, bold values indicate when the median percentage reductions for suburban (S) or rural (R) tracts are significantly different from the median percentage reductions for the urban (U) tracts.
*A policy that was implemented at random (250 times) to explore the potential variation (statistical uncertainty) of carrying out this policy approach. The table provides the median value over the 250 randomizations.