Association of smoking status with worry about COVID-19
| % (95% CI) | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Interaction with post-16 qualifications* | |||||
| OR (95% CI) | P value | ORadj
(95% CI) | P value | ORadj
(95% CI) | P value | ORadj
(95% CI) | P value | ||
| Worry about catching COVID-19 | |||||||||
| Whole sample | |||||||||
| Never smoker | 43.4 (42.8 to 43.9) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Ex-smoker | 46.5 (45.6 to 47.3) | 1.13 (1.09 to 1.18) | <0.001 | 1.14 (1.09 to 1.19) | <0.001 | 1.10 (1.06 to 1.15) | <0.001 | 1.22 (1.12 to 1.33) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 49.8 (48.7 to 50.9) | 1.30 (1.23 to 1.36) | <0.001 | 1.26 (1.19 to 1.32) | <0.001 | 1.20 (1.14 to 1.26) | <0.001 | 1.10 (1.00 to 1.22) | 0.063 |
| No post-16 qualifications | |||||||||
| Never smoker | 43.0 (41.9 to 44.1) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Ex-smoker | 49.0 (47.7 to 50.4) | 1.28 (1.19 to 1.37) | <0.001 | 1.27 (1.18 to 1.36) | <0.001 | 1.24 (1.15 to 1.33) | <0.001 | – | – |
| Current smoker | 51.3 (49.1 to 52.2) | 1.40 (1.29 to 1.51) | <0.001 | 1.31 (1.21 to 1.42) | <0.001 | 1.26 (1.16 to 1.36) | <0.001 | – | – |
| Post-16 qualifications | |||||||||
| Never smoker | 43.5 (42.9 to 44.2) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Ex-smoker | 44.9 (43.8 to 45.9) | 1.06 (1.00 to 1.11) | 0.033 | 1.07 (1.02 to 1.13) | 0.006 | 1.04 (0.98 to 1.09) | 0.178 | – | – |
| Current smoker | 48.4 (46.9 to 49.9) | 1.22 (1.14 to 1.30) | <0.001 | 1.22 (1.14 to 1.30) | <0.001 | 1.17 (1.10 to 1.25) | <0.001 | – | – |
| Significant stress about catching COVID-19 | |||||||||
| Whole sample | |||||||||
| Never smoker | 16.8 (16.4–17.3) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Ex-smoker | 19.9 (19.2–20.6) | 1.23 (1.17–1.29) | <0.001 | 1.22 (1.16 to 1.29) | <0.001 | 1.15 (1.09 to 1.22) | <0.001 | 1.07 (0.96 to 1.20) | 0.211 |
| Current smoker | 26.3 (25.4–27.3) | 1.77 (1.67–1.87) | <0.001 | 1.56 (1.47 to 1.66) | <0.001 | 1.43 (1.35 to 1.52) | <0.001 | 1.00 (0.89 to 1.13) | 0.998 |
| Worry about becoming seriously ill from COVID-19 | |||||||||
| Whole sample | |||||||||
| Never smoker | 44.0 (43.4–44.5) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Ex-smoker | 48.8 (48.0–49.6) | 1.21 (1.17–1.26) | <0.001 | 1.25 (1.20 to 1.30) | <0.001 | 1.19 (1.14 to 1.24) | <0.001 | 1.04 (0.95 to 1.14) | 0.395 |
| Current smoker | 49.2 (48.1–50.3) | 1.23 (1.18–1.30) | <0.001 | 1.23 (1.17 to 1.29) | <0.001 | 1.15 (1.09 to 1.21) | <0.001 | 1.08 (0.97 to 1.19) | 0.168 |
| Significant stress about becoming seriously ill from COVID-19 | |||||||||
| Whole sample | |||||||||
| Never smoker | 20.4 (20.0–20.9) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Ex-smoker | 24.7 (24.0–25.4) | 1.28 (1.22–1.34) | <0.001 | 1.31 (1.24 to 1.37) | <0.001 | 1.22 (1.16 to 1.28) | <0.001 | 1.01 (0.91 to 1.12) | 0.880 |
| Current smoker | 29.4 (28.4–30.4) | 1.62 (1.53–1.71) | <0.001 | 1.49 (1.40 to 1.57) | <0.001 | 1.34 (1.27 to 1.43) | <0.001 | 1.09 (0.97 to 1.23) | 0.156 |
All data are weighted to match the UK adult population on sex, age, ethnicity, education and country of living.
Model 1 is unadjusted. Model 2 is adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, post-16 qualifications, key worker status and survey date. Model 3 is adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, post-16 qualifications, key worker status, survey date, comorbid health conditions and diagnosed anxiety disorders.
*Interaction between smoking status and post-16 qualifications added to fully adjusted model with the exclusion of key worker status.
ORadj, adjusted OR.