Semiquantification of flavourings and nicotine in waterpipe tobacco samples T1–T8, herbal molasses M1–M7 and steam stones S1–S4 by GC–MS.
| Main flavour | Secondary flavour(s) | Anethole | Benzyl alcohol | Dihydro-coumarin | Ethyl acetate | Ethyl butyrate | Ethyl 2-methyl-butyrate | Ethyl vanillin | Isoamyl acetate | Maltol | Menthol | Vanillin | Nicotine | |
| Waterpipe tobacco | ||||||||||||||
| T1 | Strawberry | Watermelon, mint | – | – | – | 0.20 (2.3%) | 0.19 (2.8%) | 1.33 (1.3%) | – | – | 0.26 (1.2%) | 8.27 (1.2%) | 0.10 (3.6%) | 1.32 (2.6%) |
| T2 | Mango | Passionfruit, mint | – | – | – | 0.29 (2.6%) | 0.09 (0.7%) | – | – | – | 0.06 (11%) | 6.65 (0.3%) | – | 1.39 (0.4%) |
| T3 | Grape | – | – | – | 0.14 (0.9%) | – | 0.07 (19%) | <0.03 | – | 0.42 (0.2%) | – | 0.67 (3%) | 0.79 (2.9%) | |
| T4 | Chewing gum | – | – | – | – | – | – | <0.03 | – | 0.06 (1.4%) | 0.69 (0.6%) | – | 0.62 (3.1%) | |
| T5 | Watermelon | Mint | – | – | – | 0.25 (10%) | 0.04 (1.4%) | 3.59 (0.7%) | 1.27 (1.7%) | 0.12 (5.1%) | <0.03 | 0.62 (2.2%) | – | 0.80 (2.3%) |
| T6 | Blueberry | Mint | – | – | – | 0.30 (8.8%) | 0.08 (1.1%) | 0.81 (1.1%) | – | – | 0.60 (17%) | 0.72 (0.6%) | 0.73 (1.9%) | 0.57 (3.0%) |
| T7 | Mint | – | – | – | 0.10 (73%) | – | – | – | – | 0.06 (4.9%) | 1.46 (2.5%) | – | 0.53 (5.1%) | |
| T8 | Apple | 7.44 (1.8%) | 1.12 (1.5%) | – | 0.06 (1.3%) | – | 0.71 (0.2%) | 0.69 (1.3%) | – | <0.03 | 2.19 (0.1%) | 0.26 (2.2%) | 0.53 (4.1%) | |
| Herbal molasse | ||||||||||||||
| M1 | Apple | 7.14 (18.4%) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| M2 | Mint | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5.99 (18%) | – | – | |
| M3 | Apple | 5.61 (7.5%) | 1.07 (0.5%) | – | 0.07 (417%) | 0.18 (9.2%) | 0.23 (7.9%) | 0.40 (8.7%) | <0.03 | – | 0.27 (4.2%) | 0.38 (5.7%) | – | |
| M4 | Blueberry | – | 0.38 (1.8%) | – | 2.02 (7.2%) | 1.01 (5.5%) | 0.76 (8.1%) | 0.09 (8.3%) | – | 0.90 (0%) | 0.63 (4.4%) | 0.99 (5.8%) | – | |
| M5 | Grape | – | – | – | 0.27 (13%) | 0.97 (2.8%) | 0.16 (1.6%) | 0.19 (5.3%) | – | 0.60 (2.5%) | – | 0.82 (2.3%) | – | |
| M6 | Strawberry | – | – | – | – | 0.56 (0.8%) | 1.14 (1.4%) | 0.04 (0.4%) | <0.03 | – | – | – | – | |
| M7 | Mixed Fruits | 0.77 (8.7%) | 1.97 (3.4%) | – | 0.04 (20%) | 0.37 (9.9%) | – | 0.05 (3.7%) | – | 0.15 (11%) | 0.05 (2.3%) | 0.20 (2.3%) | – | |
| Steam stones | ||||||||||||||
| S1 | Chewing gum | Ice | <0.03 | – | – | <0.03 | – | – | <0.03 | – | 0.62 (12%) | – | – | |
| S2 | Grape | Ice | <0.03 | – | – | 0.07 (2.6%) | 0.58 (3.6%) | 0.58 (4.1%) | <0.03 | – | 0.06 (0.2%) | 0.04 (2.4%) | 0.32 (1.1%) | – |
| S3 | Mint | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5.62 (51%) | – | – | |
| S4 | Apple | 0.12 (11%) | <0.03 | – | <0.03 | – | <0.03 | 0.25 (11%) | – | 0.06 (9.6%) | – | 0.17 (9.6%) | – | |
Concentrations (mg/g) in this table are an average of n=2 with the relative standard deviations (RSD) in parentheses. Below limit of detection (LOD): –; above LOD, but below limit of quantification (LOQ): <0.03; estimated value (above range calibration curve) are shown in italics.
GC–MS, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; LOD, limit of detection; LOQ, limit of quantification.