Retailers around schools that sell tobacco products, by city, school type and city characteristics
| Urban area (tobacco retailers within a 100 m radius of schools) | Rural area (tobacco retailers within a 250 m radius of schools) | |||||||||||||
| Schools (n) | Cigarette retailers | E-cigarette retailers | Schools (n) | Cigarette retailers | E-cigarette retailers | |||||||||
| n | %* | M (SD)† | n | %* | M (SD)† | n | %* | M (SD)† | n | %* | M (SD)† | |||
| Total | 749 | 1092 | 57.0 | 1.46 (1.99) | 56 | 5.7 | 0.07 (0.35) | 155 | 520 | 71.0 | 3.55 (3.94) | 4 | 1.9 | 0.03 (0.20) |
| By city | ||||||||||||||
| Shanghai | 128 | 141 | 53.1 | 1.10 (1.42) | 12 | 7.8 | 0.09 (0.34) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Beijing | 128 | 107 | 41.4 | 0.84 (1.20) | 3 | 2.3 | 0.02 (0.15) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Guangzhou, Guangdong | 128 | 194 | 57.0 | 1.52 (1.88) | 18 | 10.9 | 0.14 (0.45) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Chongqing | 128 | 302 | 72.7 | 2.36 (2.92) | 16 | 7.0 | 0.13 (0.58) | 48 | 287 | 83.3 | 5.98 (5.08) | 4 | 6.3 | 0.08 (0.35) |
| Shenyang, Liaoning | 50 | 111 | 74.0 | 2.22 (2.19) | 0 | – | – | 12 | 24 | 83.3 | 2.00 (1.13) | 0 | – | – |
| Jinan, Shandong | 51 | 71 | 60.8 | 1.39 (1.70) | 2 | 3.9 | 0.04 (0.20) | 10 | 39 | 90.0 | 3.90 (2.64) | 0 | – | – |
| Kunming, Yunnan | 51 | 91 | 62.7 | 1.78 (2.31) | 0 | – | – | 25 | 70 | 64.0 | 2.80 (3.49) | 0 | – | – |
| Guilin, Guangxi | 49 | 36 | 44.9 | 0.73 (0.93) | 4 | 8.2 | 0.08 (0.28) | 24 | 24 | 50.0 | 1.00 (1.29) | 0 | – | – |
| Kaifeng, Henan | 24 | 33 | 58.3 | 1.38 (1.38) | 1 | 4.2 | 0.04 (0.20) | 18 | 49 | 77.8 | 2.72 (2.95) | 0 | – | – |
| Baiyin, Gansu | 12 | 6 | 33.3 | 0.50 (0.80) | 0 | – | – | 18 | 27 | 50.0 | 1.50 (1.89) | 0 | – | – |
| ANOVA (p value) | – | – | <0.001 | <0.001 | – | N/A | N/A | – | – | 0.01 | <0.001 | – | N/A | N/A |
| By school type | ||||||||||||||
| Junior high schools | 374 | 521 | 54.8 | 1.39 (2.06) | 23 | 5.3 | 0.06 (0.28) | 78 | 252 | 67.9 | 3.23 (4.11) | 2 | 1.3 | 0.03 (0.23) |
| Senior high schools | 264 | 404 | 58.7 | 1.53 (1.96) | 25 | 6.4 | 0.09 (0.45) | 52 | 193 | 75.0 | 3.71 (4.07) | 1 | 1.9 | 0.02 (0.14) |
| Vocational senior high schools | 111 | 176 | 60.4 | 1.50 (1.79) | 6 | 5.4 | 0.07 (0.32) | 25 | 75 | 72.0 | 3.00 (3.12) | 1 | 4.0 | 0.04 (0.20) |
| ANOVA (p value) | – | – | 0.46 | 0.67 | – | 0.83 | 0.51 | – | – | 0.68 | 0.71 | – | N/A | N/A |
| By geographical location | ||||||||||||||
| Central (Kaifeng) | 24 | 33 | 58.3 | 1.38 (1.38) | 1 | 4.2 | 0.04 (0.20) | 18 | 42 | 77.8 | 2.72 (2.95) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 |
| East (Shanghai, Jinan) | 179 | 212 | 55.3 | 1.18 (1.50) | 14 | 6.7 | 0.08 (0.31) | 10 | 39 | 90.0 | 3.90 (2.64) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 |
| North (Beijing) | 128 | 107 | 41.4 | 0.84 (1.20) | 3 | 2.3 | 0.02 (0.15) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Northeast (Shenyang) | 50 | 111 | 74.0 | 2.22 (2.19) | 0 | – | – | 12 | 24 | 83.3 | 2.00 (1.13) | 0 | – | – |
| Northwest (Baiyin) | 12 | 6 | 33.3 | 0.50 (0.80) | 0 | – | – | 18 | 27 | 50.0 | 1.50 (1.89) | – | – | – |
| South (Guangzhou) | 128 | 194 | 57.0 | 1.52 (1.88) | 18 | 10.9 | 0.14 (0.45) | – | – | – | 0 | – | – | |
| Southwest (Chongqing, Kunming, Guilin) | 228 | 429 | 64.5 | 1.88 (2.56) | 20 | 5.7 | 0.09 (0.45) | 97 | 381 | 70.1 | 3.93 (4.54) | 4 | 3.1 | 0.04 (0.25) |
| ANOVA (p value) | – | – | <0.001 | <0.001 | – | N/A | N/A | – | – | 0.14 | 0.09 | – | N/A | N/A |
| By city population | ||||||||||||||
| <5 million people (Kaifeng, Baiyin) | 36 | 39 | 50.0 | 1.08 (1.27) | 1 | 2.8 | 0.03 (0.17) | 36 | 115 | 63.9 | 2.11 (2.52) | 0 | – | – |
| 5–10 million people (Shenyang, Jinan, Kunming, Guilin) | 201 | 309 | 60.7 | 1.54 (1.93) | 6 | 3.0 | 0.03 (0.17) | 71 | 466 | 66.2 | 2.21 (2.62) | 0 | – | – |
| >10 million people (Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Chongqing) | 512 | 744 | 56.1 | 1.45 (2.05) | 49 | 7.0 | 0.10 (0.41) | 48 | 1031 | 83.3 | 5.98 (5.08) | 4 | 6.3 | 0.08 (0.35) |
| ANOVA (p value) | – | – | 0.36 | 0.45 | – | N/A | N/A | – | – | 0.07 | <0.001 | – | N/A | N/A |
| By economic development type | ||||||||||||||
| Less developed cities (Chongqing, Shenyang, Kunming, Guilin, Kaifeng, Baiyin) | 314 | 579 | 64.3 | 1.84 (2.40) | 21 | 4.5 | 0.07 (0.39) | 145 | 450 | 69.7 | 3.32 (4.02) | 4 | 2.1 | 0.03 (0.20) |
| Developed cities (Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Jinan) | 435 | 513 | 51.7 | 1.18 (1.57) | 35 | 6.7 | 0.08 (0.33) | 10 | 70 | 90.0 | 3.90 (2.64) | 0 | – | – |
| t-test (p value) | – | – | <0.001 | <0.001 | – | 0.20 | 0.61 | – | – | 0.17 | 0.65 | – | N/A | N/A |
*Percentage of schools with cigarette/e-cigarette retailers within 100 m of urban schools or within 250 m of rural schools.
†Average number of cigarette/e-cigarette retailers within 100 m of urban schools or within 250 m of rural schools.
ANOVA, analysis of variance; e-cigarette, electronic cigarette; N/A, not applicable.